Global History II Unit I: Review of Key Terms and Concepts.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Global 2 R Regents Review Spring 2009
Advertisements

7th Grade World Geography and Culture
EQ: How can we prepare for the Global regents exam
The Five Themes of Geography
GEOGRAPHY OF ANCIENT CHINA
Introduction to Rome Geography.
Chapter One: Geography of the United States
Geography of Africa Unit 2 : Africa Table of Contents # 2.
10/6 Do Now: 3.1 Open Notes Reading Quiz
North Africa and Southwest Asia
1. Methods of Social Studies. I. Geography A. INTRODUCTION -Cultures have adapted (or changed) their environment in order -Cultures have adapted (or changed)
Unit 1 Review June 4, Today’s Agenda – 6/4 (A) Check & review for Unit 1 Tonight’s HW Unit 2 – use concept maps for religions to fill out FINAL.
Today’s Agenda – 6/15 (B)  Hand back Practice Test  Evaluation  Go over Thematic Essay Topics.
Geography and Early History of the Middle East
North Africa Moroccan Camel Caravan. Regions Of Africa.
Physical Geography of North Africa, Southwest Asia, and Central Asia
World Cultures Chapter 1. World cultures is the study of the connections between people and their environment Geography is the study of where people,
Regents Review Geography. Latin America Features- Andes Mountains- 2 nd tallest mountain chain in the world (home of Incas). Amazon river- 2 nd longest.
Geography of the Americas ____________________: The study of people, their environment, and their resources ________________: An account of what has happened.
The American Journey (History of Our Nation) A Meeting of Different Worlds Unit 1: Geography, Early Americans, Exploration, and Colonization.
What is Geography?. What is Geography? *Geography is the study of the natural features of the earth's surface, including topography, climate, soil,
January 7, 2014 Agenda Physical Geography – Europe
Essay Review Geography!. Components of the Regents Essay F – Facts, Evidence & Details (the explanation, specifics and substantiation of the essay) O.
Aim: How do geographic features affect societies?.
Global 2 R Regents Review Spring 2011 Geography Review.
5 Themes of Geography Geography Geography is the study of: –People, the places they live, and how they all interact.
WORLD GEOGRAPHY GHSGT Review. Geography is the study of the earth’s surface, land, bodies of water, climate, peoples, industries, & natural resources.
CONCEPTS TO KNOW 1. Geography 1. Geography 2. Ancient Civilizations 3. Religions 4. Wars and Revolutions 5. World Leaders 6. Governments 7. Economies 8.
The American Journey (History of Our Nation) A Meeting of Different Worlds UNIT 1: Geography, Early Americans, Exploration, and Colonization.
Objectives Understand how geography affected migration, cultural development, and trade in Africa. Describe the rise and decline of Nubia. Explain how.
Aim: How did geography and natural resources affect the development of early societies throughout Africa? Do Now: What geographic features can you think.
The Global Environment Chapter 1. Geography What is it?
World Cultures Geography Exploring the World Around Us.
Africa Physical Geography. Land and Water Where is Africa located? What are Africa’s most important landforms?
Geographic Features Patten & Valdner Global History II Mepham High School Patten & Valdner Global History II Mepham High School.
Part 1: Geography Geography shapes history because it is where all history takes place  Since the beginning of time, all civilizations have had to control.
Egypt is located in northeast Africa Question #1.
Part 1: Geography 1.Geography shapes history because it is where all history takes place 2. Since the beginning of time, all civilizations have had to.
by Kristi Schirrmacher EDU 221 ~ Spring 2013 What are Landforms? Landforms are natural features of the Earth’s surface.
© Mark E. Damon - All Rights Reserved Group 1Group 2 Group 3 Round 1 Final Jeopardy Round 1.
Focus 6/2 The study of global history can be broken down into categories: Economics, Politics/Government, Social, Ecology, and Geography. Economists, archeologists,
Intro to the Middle East. What to look for in the unit: Geographic factors including scarcity of water have influenced cultures of Middle East. Location.
Geography and the United States Chapter 1. geography  The study of our physical surroundings and how humans interact with them.  Often geography is.
Unit 1: Geography of the Western Hemisphere Illustrated Glossary
World Geography Identifying Landforms & Their Effect on World History.
6/15 Focus: Do Now: – Complete the Regents Review Warm up Questions *Castle Learning Makeup 1,2,3,4 due by 12:00 pm on Tuesday *Review PowerPoints and.
Section 1: Geography and Early China How does China’s geography affect the culture?
5 Themes of Geography.
Theme: Geography.
Unit 1: Introduction Geography.
The Five Themes of Geography
Geography Ms. Moran.
Early African Civilizations
Egypt is located in northeast Africa
Are maps as important today as they were in the past?
Physical Geography.
Geography shapes life in ancient china
AFRICA 5 THEMES OF GEOGRAPHY
GEOGRAPHY.
Chapter 1 History Alive.
Do Now: What have you learned about Africa so far in 9th grade global?
Terms To Know 1.Human Geography – examines human life and effects of human activity. 2. Physical Geography – study of landforms (mountains, islands, etc.),
What is Geography?.
Objective: To identify and discuss the five themes of geography.
Geography Review.
Early African Civilizations
Early African Civilizations
The study of people, their resources and their environments.
Unit 1: Geography and Human Origins
Plateau Land having a level surface raised above adjoining land on at least one side Ex- Deccan Plateau.
Presentation transcript:

Global History II Unit I: Review of Key Terms and Concepts

Culture –Imperialism: domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. VS. –Mercantilism: policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver. Definition Refers to the way of life of a society that is handed down from one generation to the next by learning and experience. What is the difference? Ethnocentrism: the belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture. VS. Racism: the belief that one racial group is superior to another. Is this Racism or Ethnocentrism? Is this Imperialism or Mercantilism?

Politics Definition –The science or art of government, using strategy or intrigue in obtaining power, control or status. –Anarchy: to abolish all government –Revolution: a complete and forcible overthrow and replacement of an established government by the people governed.

Politics cont… Types of Government DemocracyMonarchyTotalitarian Governme nt by the people. Government where sovereign power is held by a single person. A centralized government that does not tolerate differing opinion and exercises dictatorial control over many aspects of life. This map reflects the findings of Freedom House's survey Freedom in the World 2007, which reports the state of world freedom in It is one of the most widely used measures of democracy by researchers. Note that although these measures (another is the Polity data described below) are highly correlated, this does not imply interchangeabilityFreedom HouseFreedom in the World

5 Themes of Geography Geography –Study of people, their environments and their resources. 1.Location – where a place is on the surface of the earth. a.Latitude – distance north and south of the equator. b.Longitude – distance east and west of the prime meridian. c.Climate – the prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, winds, humidity, precipitation… are measured and averaged over a series of years. Latitude Longitude

5 Themes of Geography 2. Place – Areas that are described in terms of their physical features. 3. Human-Environment Interaction – The process of humans shaping and being shaped by the places in which they lived. This is also known as adjusting to one’s surroundings. 4. Movement – The movement of people, goods and ideas is a key link between geography and history. a. Cultural Diffusion – The spread of ideas, customs and technologies from one people to another. 5. Region – Ways that the world can be divided, like physical, cultural, political or economic features. a. Topography – The detailed mapping or charting of the features of a relatively small area. Topographic Map

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Coastline (Regular) –A Regular Coastline is smooth with very few natural harbors. Africa is an example of a regular Coastline. Regular coastline make building ports and harbors very difficult. Without these, trade, sea travel, and cultural diffusion are near to impossible. But, this also prevents invasion from the sea. This feature of Africa kept invaders out of sub-Sahara Africa for a millennia.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Delta - The end of a river is called its mouth, and with some rivers, such as the Nile, deposits of silt build up creating what is called a Delta. A river's delta area is very important to humans as the deposits of rich silt provide very fertile farmland. Isthmus - An isthmus is a narrow stretch of land connecting two larger areas of land. Panama in Central America is an isthmus. The advantages and disadvantages are the same as living in any coastal region.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Island - An Island is an area of land completely surrounded by water. Examples include Iceland, Great Britain, and Madagascar. Islands often lack many natural resources and are forced to trade with other nations. Most island nations develop good forms of sea travel, such as Great Britain and Japan. Throughout history islands have been used as stepping stones to cross the major oceans. Archipelago - The Pacific Ocean is full of Archipelagos, which are chains of islands. Japan is a prime example of an archipelago. Most archipelagos have irregular coastlines which make them vulnerable to invasion, but also foster trade and cultural diffusion. The many archipelagos in the Pacific helped spread civilizations from the Asian mainland, and would much later help European explorers circumnavigate the globe.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Mountains - Mountains are areas of land with steep sides that rise sharply from surrounding land. 20% of the Earth's surface is mountainous and they present both positive and negative aspects to human existence. In the positive, mountains often act as barriers to invasion. India, protected by the Himalaya Mountains, has enjoyed protection from invasion from other parts of Asia. However, the barrier effect can also have negative effects. Cultural diffusion is often hampered as trade and other peaceful contact cannot occur. –Mountains also usually lack arable farm land. This has often resulted in sparse human habitation. But, in China and Mesoamerica (Inca), terraces or steps, were cut into the mountain providing an area of flat land suitable for crops. This is known as terrace farming. –In Greece, the mountainous terrain prevented the development of a unified society. As a result, the Greeks formed city-states with a variety of government systems, including the first democracy. Another result of the mountainous terrain of Greece was the reliance on the sea as a source of food, and later trade.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Peninsula - A peninsula is an area of land surrounded on three sides by water. Italy, Greece, and the southern part of India are all peninsulas. The advantages and disadvantages of living on a peninsula are the same as living in any coastal region. Plain - areas of level land, generally at a low elevation. Examples include the Eurasian Plains and the Russian Steppes. Plains generally have fertile soil and are attractive to settlement as they are easy to reach, provide good road building, and have good farmland. The negative aspects of plains as a geographic feature are that they are hard to defend as they are easy to reach. Plains also provide no natural protection from the elements.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Sea - a large body of salt water. The difference between an ocean and a sea is that a sea is smaller than an ocean, and is generally surrounded by land. An example of a sea would be the Red Sea which lies between Africa and Asia in the Middle East. –Seas have positive and negative effects on human civilization. They often act as a barrier to both cultural diffusion and invasion. However, many civilizations developed good sea travel and were able to overcome this effect. Great Britain, Portugal, Spain, Greece, the Roman Empire, the Netherlands, Early China, and Japan all were major naval powers at one time or another. In fact, for many of these civilizations, oceans and seas acted as highways of trade, cultural diffusion, and invasion. –Countries like Japan have a diet composed mainly of sea products and farmed vegetables. Great Britain, in the twentieth century, began drilling for undersea oil off the north shore of Scotland. Today, this valuable resource provides much of their energy needs.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Desert - Deserts are areas of land with sparse vegetation, no arable farmland, and a very poor climate, usually hot and dry. Deserts often act as barriers to civilizations, as crossing a desert is often very difficult, if not impossible. The Sahara Desert in North Africa effectively cut the southern part of Africa off from the Mediterranean world for centuries. Also, through the process of desertification, the Sahara has been slowly claiming the arable land in Northern Africa. Modern technology, such as the building of the Aswan Dam, has attempted to halt this process, and has met with some success. The desert as a barrier also has positive effects. The Sahara protected Southern Africa from invaders from the north, while also providing a secure western flank to the Egyptians. It is not until World War II that serious warfare can occur across the desert. The Gobi Desert in China has acted as a barrier to both invasion and cultural diffusion. China developed a very ethnocentric outlook due to their isolation. Contributing to this isolation are rainforest and mountains. The Gobi Desert has also forced most of China's people to live in the more fertile east, as no good farmland exists. Despite the negatives, the Gobi Desert is a fantastic resource of fossils. Many different species of dinosaurs have been identified from remains found in this desert, including an Oviraptor, sitting on a nest of fossilized eggs.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Rivers & River Valleys - Rivers and river valleys have been very important in the development of civilization. –Over time, many rivers have carved out river valleys as they flow. Early civilizations formed in these river valleys because they provided a water source, good farmland, and a source of trade. Civilizations such as Egypt on the Nile, Mesopotamian cultures on the Tigris and Euphrates, Early China on the Huang/Yellow and the Yangtze Rivers, and Early Indian civilization on the Indus all benefited from the river's resources. Many early civilizations developed irrigation systems to further take advantage of the river. This adaptation allowed these civilizations to grow and flourish. –In modern times, other technologies have been developed to also make use of the river. The Aswan High Dam on the Nile provides Egypt with a hydroelectric power source that is beneficial to the country. It also has allowed the Egyptians to reclaim many acres of land lost to desertification. Careful management of this resources has created more arable farmland, and provided a source of life to the people in the region.

Geographical Feature Explain its influence on the development of a region Steppe - a plain without trees (apart from those near rivers and lakes); it is similar to a prairie, although a prairie is generally considered as being dominated by tall grasses, while short grasses are said to be normal in the steppe. It may be semi-desert, or covered with grass or shrubs or both, depending on the season and latitude. The term is also used to denote the climate encountered in regions too dry to support a forest, but not dry enough to be a desert. Strait - a narrow stretch of water connecting two larger bodies of water. Examples would be the Strait of Gibraltar connecting the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, and the Strait of Magellan, which is at the tip of South America, connecting the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Straits are strategically important due to the control of trade or control of military access to a specific area. Controlling the Strait of Gibraltar means controlling access in and out of the entire Mediterranean Sea until the building of the Suez Canal on the Red Sea.

Economic Systems What are they, what do they do? –Economic systems include traditional, market, command, and mixed economies. All of these systems attempt to answer the same questions. What should be produced? How much? How should goods be produced? And, for whom? A Traditional economic system relies on farming and very simple barter trading. Examples include Neolithic farming villages and the first river civilizations. Two Major Types of Economic Systems Free Market EconomyCommand Economy Based upon Supply and Demand Usually focus on consumer goods Little government control Controlled by strong, centralized government Usually focuses on industrial goods Little attention paid to agriculture and consumer goods