China goes global: Chinese hydropower dams in Africa Frauke Urban and Giles Mohan Realising the transition workshop, London 3 February 2015 ESRC grant.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Fuel Substitution: Poverty Impacts on Biomass Fuel Suppliers Poverty Impacts and Mitigation Options Ottavia Mazzoni, ESD.
Advertisements

© DIE, Asian Drivers and Anchor Countries: The Research Agenda Tilman Altenburg, German Development Institute, Bonn OECD Development Centre.
Development Alternatives SOUTH ASIA E N V I R O N M E N T O U T L O O K.
Eastern Africa Sub-Regional Meeting on Climate Change Kigali,31 August-3 September 2009.
Social and Environmental Dimensions of Large-Scale Land Acquisition of Land Rights ZAMBIA Davison Gumbo.
Water for a food-secure world IFAD agricultural water management investments in “challenging contexts”: IFAD context, commonalities across countries, &
Towards More Sustainable and Market-based Payment for Ecosystem Services A Pilot Project in Lijiang, China Lu Zhi.
CIDA Agriculture Programming in Africa Food Security Policy Group (FSPG) Kioko Munyao Food Security and Policy Development (World Vision Canada)
International investments in agricultural production David Hallam Deputy Director, Trade and Markets Division, FAO.
Why equity and sustainability? How can we….  Maintain progress in ways that are equitable and that do not harm the environment?  Meet the development.
Address Water challenges with joint hands for promoting sustainable development Address Water challenges with joint hands for promoting sustainable development.
Law Enforcement and Compliance: Illegal logging Aniko M. Nemeth, REC April 2009.
Chipo Nyamwena (Tshwane University of Technology ,South Africa)
Environmental Flow in the Context of Small Reservoirs in West Africa Yongxuan Gao 21 March 2009.
Views on the 2015 Agreement: Perspectives of Chinese Expert Zou Ji National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation OECD Climate.
“Building Effective Public Participation in Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context” in Bulgaria Institute for Ecological Modernisation.
Emerging Trends and Challenges in Business Environment Reform Donor Committee for Enterprise Development Montreux 12 September 2006.
MINISTRY OF ENERGY RUSSIAN FEDERATION Combined Heat and Power Technologies for Distributed Energy Systems.
Potential for Belgian Companies in the Nepalese Environmental and Energy Sector Dr. S. Helsen Golden Jubilee Celebration Belgian-Nepal Brussels, Sept.
Sustainable Energy at the World Bank: Policies and Experiences Anil Cabraal Lead Energy Specialist Energy and Water Department The World Bank Norway-World.
GHANA’S AGENDA FOR SHARED GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT,
1 An Investment Framework For Clean Energy and Development November 15, 2006 Katherine Sierra Vice President Sustainable Development The World Bank.
Presentation by cde Khwezi Mabasa 1. Main Arguments Climate Change is definitely a working class issue Restructuring the domestic and international political.
Presented by Utsala Shrestha, June 08, 2008 R-2007-COE-01 Department of Environmental science00.
Elmostafa AITAMOR Beirut, November 2009
World Resources Institute Emerging Actors in Development Finance: Where Does China Stand? Xiaomei Tan, Ph.D. Senior Associate International Financial Flow.
Knowledge on HIA IN CAMBODIA Constructing a Caring and Sharing Community Roles of HIA 4-6 October 2012 Bangkok.
Cultural Diversity, Water Resources, and Global Environmental Crises: Emerging trends and implications for sustainable futures Fifth World Water Forum.
Aligning Climate Change and Sustainable Development Policies Presentation for the COP12 and COP/MOP2 side-event “Global Challenges toward Low-Carbon Society.
Panel on Water, Food and Energy Overview of the Water & Energy issues and their linkages with food Richard Taylor, Executive Director, International Hydropower.
UNITED NATIONS ECONOMIC COMMISSION FOR AFRICA NORTH AFRICA OFFICE Sustainable development in North Africa interactions between the three economic, social.
The NEP Workshop on Off-Grid Electrification in Myanmar Nay Pyi Taw, January 2015 South-South Cooperation to Power Rural Communities through Renewable.
Climate, Development, Energy, and Finance Tariq Banuri Stockholm Environment Institute.
Recap and Synthesis of National and Regional Research MK21 Inception workshop for local research projects Yangon, June 2015.
INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY INTO BUSINESS Session 2: “Supporting internal learning and change through stakeholder engagement” Kyiv, Ukraine,
SRP: IMPROVED MANAGEMENT OF MAJOR AGRICULTURAL RIVER BASINS - OVERVIEW Vladimir Smakhtin SRP River Basin Workshop Addis, May 28, 2012.
ASADI Conference 2010 “Improving Access to Energy in Sub- Saharan Africa” November 2010 ASADI Conference 2010 “Improving Access to Energy in Sub-
New Global Economic Powers and the Environment Dr. Peter Bosshard Policy Director, International Rivers Beijing, April 18, 2011.
FOR SIXTY YEARS WE HAVE BEEN TAKING THE POWER FROM WATER AND HANDING IT OVER TO NATIONS LINKING THE DOTS Bucharest, February 20, 2014.
Enver AKSOY, MSc Head of Strategy Development Board of MoFAL Policy approaches of Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock to pasture management in.
GEF 2020 – Strategy and GEF 6 strategic priorities GEF Expanded Constituency Workshop Windhoek, Namibia February 17-18, 2015.
Coal and Sustainable Development David Cain of Rio Tinto for the World Coal Institute UNECE Ad Hoc Group of Experts on Coal and Thermal.
Massimiliano Riva Istanbul, 19 November 2008 Trade and Human Development How to conduct trade needs assessments in transition economies.
Regional Learning Session on Sustainable and Inclusive Marketing Arrangements Towards Increasing Farmers’ Market Power 9-11 May 2013 Manila Vedini Harishchandra.
Ghana Commercial Agriculture Project: Model Lease Consultancy World Bank Land and Poverty Conference March 2015.
THE EU SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY (SDS) Timo Mäkelä Director of Directorate G Sustainable Development and Integration DG Environment European Commission.
Aimin Wang Sustainable Forestry Program Officer Global Environmental Institute April 26 nd 2007 "Regulating Chinese Forest-related Enterprises" Encouraging.
Gender-Entrepreneurship-Markets CommDev Workshop 19 June 2006 Extractive Industries and the Gender Bias.
GEF 2020 – Strategy and GEF 6 strategic priorities
OECD Water Programme Pillar 1, Output 1 “Pricing Water Resources and Water & Sanitation Services” World Water Week Stockholm, August 2008.
Affordable Housing and the EU Urban Agenda
The Global Role of Chinese Dam Builders Presentation by Dr. Peter Bosshard International Rivers IDS Brighton November 25, 2010.
AU/UNIDO/Brazil High-Level Seminar on Biofuel.  Policies are required to reflect the country’s development vision for the sector  Required to establish.
14 th Meeting of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development Milocer (Budva), 30 May – 1 June 2011 Moustapha Kamal Gueye United Nations Environment.
Dr. Joerg Hartmann WWF Dams Initiative Leader Energy in a Water Constrained World.
Andres Liebenthal Sector Coordinator Environment and Social Development World Bank Office in Beijing The World Bank’s Environmental Assistance: From Policies.
EABC/EAC ENERGY CONFERENCE: 8-9TH JUNE, AVAILABLE BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR By Eng. B.J. Mrindoko.
Agricultural Research and Poverty Reduction Tiina Huvio, Advisor for Agriculture and Rural Development, MFA
Social and Environmental Impact of China’s Outward Investment (OI) Dr. Prof. ZHANG Jianping Director, Dept. of International Economic Cooperation Institute.
Dr. Sarah A. H Olembo, Technical expert and advisor-SPS and Food safety, RURAL ECONOMY and AGRICULTURE, AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA.
Assessment of key policies and measures to address the drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the context of REDD+ readiness in Nepal Dil B.
8. Identification of barriers for non- market goods 30 min Chapter 5 Ivan Nygaard, Ulrich Elmer Hansen.
China goes global: A comparative study of Chinese hydropower dams in Africa and Asia Project introduction Kick-off workshop for ESRC project ES/J01320X/1.
| Paul Lucas 1 Future energy system challenges for Africa: Insights from Integrated Assessment Models 1 st Africa Sustainable Development Forum.
E3G - Third Generation Environmentalism 2ºC Global Scenarios Prepared for: Department of Energy and Climate Change August 2011.
DANIDA and the UNEP Riso Centre Sustainable Energy for All: Powering Africa 24 th September 2012, Eigtveds Pakhus, Copenhagen Access to sustainable energy.
Perspectives on the importance of Mining to National Economic Planning By: Innocent Madziva Deputy Director, Economic Modelling MEFMI candidate.
East Africa Community Regional Energy Access to Modern Energy Services
The Crises of Finance, Food & Climate: Implications for Social Protection & Human Development Tony Addison CASS Forum 2010, Institute.
Adam Abdulwahab Evaluation network meeting Brussels, 25 February 2010
Presentation transcript:

China goes global: Chinese hydropower dams in Africa Frauke Urban and Giles Mohan Realising the transition workshop, London 3 February 2015 ESRC grant ref number: ES/J01320X/1

1. Content 1. China dams the world 2. Project overview 3. Case studies: Bui dam and Zamfara dam 4. Project outlook & conclusion

1. China dams the world Global renaissance of hydropower under Chinese leadership China is the world’s largest hydropower dam builder in terms of number and size of dams built, investment sums and global coverage. More than 330 Chinese overseas dams, about 40% in Southeast Asia and about 30% in Africa (International Rivers, 2014). SOE Sinohydro plays major role Long history of domestic dam-building, but recently many Chinese overseas dams in LMICs - ‘Going Out Strategy’ (Bosshard, 2009; McDonald et al, 2009; International Rivers, 2012) Chinese domestic dam market is saturated, overseas opportunities for firms, jobs, tax, access to natural resources (McNally et al 2009).

Chinese overseas dam projects by location – World regions Chinese builders involved in overseas dam projects Data from International Rivers, 2014

2. Project aims & methodology First comparative analysis of the environmental, social, economic and political impacts of Chinese hydropower dam projects in LMICs. Conceptual framework: ‘Political ecology of the Asian drivers’ Combining the analysis of power relations over the access to natural resources (Greenberg & Park, 1994; Tan-Mullins, 2007) with assessing China’s impacts as a Rising Power and its channels of interaction with LMICs (Humphrey & Messner, 2005; Schmitz, 2006; Kaplinsky & Messner, 2008) Themes: Organization and motives of Chinese hydropower actors; local and national impacts; governance implications; UK and OECD interests.

2. Fieldwork sites Comparative case study analysis: 4 dams, 2 in Africa (Ghana, Nigeria), 2 in SE Asia (Cambodia, Malaysia) and fieldwork in China Africa: Bui dam, Ghana and ‘Zamfara’ dam, Nigeria 143 interviews: 71 with institutional actors (policy-makers, firms, NGOs, experts), 72 with affected communities 40 focus group discussions 142 household surveys Stakeholder mappings, data analysis, EIA analysis, literature reviews

3. Case study: Bui dam, Ghana Located in Northern Ghana on the Black Volta River, within Bui National Park 400 MW, started operation in 2013 Built by Sinohydro Funded by Chinese ExIm Bank, Government of Ghana, Government of China, $620 million, part of trade deal (International Rivers, 2014) 50% of Ghana’s population below poverty levels of 2$/day (World Bank, 2014) 30% of Ghanaians do not have access to electricity, 65% cook with traditional biofuels (World Bank, 2014) Heavy reliance on hydropower for power generation

3. Social and environmental implications: Bui dam Flooding of 6 villages, 20% of Bui National Park, loss of forest and savannah woodland habitat Threats to endangered species, such as rare black hippo Resettlement of 1,216 people, sometimes poor infrastructure in resettlement area 7,500 people have lost access to parts of farmland, grazing land and forests, loss of access to fishing grounds, negative impacts on livelihoods Compensation payments and locals took part in consultation meetings, EIA process includes mitigation measures

3. Governance: Bui dam Bui Power Authority manages dam, resettlements, compensations Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) / Turn-key Project Contract Sinohydro is responsible for the construction of the dam and safety of workers, after construction the host government becomes responsible for the dam ESIA conducted before the dam building started Compliance with Ghana’s legislation Still complaints from locals & lack of transparency from Bui Power Authority

3. Case study: Zamfara dam, Nigeria Located in Northern Nigeria in Zamfara state, close to Gusau In planning stage, not built Projected generating capacity of 100MW Projected cost about US$160 million, to be financed by ExIm Bank (International Rivers, 2014) Proposed builders, developers and contractors are China Geo-Engineering Corporation CGC 80% of Nigeria’s population below poverty levels of 2$/day (World Bank, 2014) 50% of Nigerians do not have access to electricity, far more cook with traditional biofuels, in some areas up to 80% of the population (World Bank, 2014; IEA, 2014) Insufficient power generation and lack of access to modern fuels, aggravated by challenges of corruption, unequal distribution of wealth & resources, instable security

3. Lost case? The Zamfara dam, Nigeria Dam not built, but surveys carried out Local people from 8 villages were consulted, including for resettlement Dam raises promises for a better life: employments, poverty reduction, infrastructure, water supply, electricity, improved security etc Stark contrast to the disillusioned views of those who have been affected by Chinese-built dams in Africa and beyond Dam deal negotiated by ex-governor, power shift means project is shelved Difficult for smaller firm to negotiate deal with government in unstable political and highly corrupt system Unstable security situation in Northern Nigeria due to Boko Haram Overall unlikely that dam will be built in near future

4. Project outlook UK / EU donor & firm interviews Data analysis with Nvivo Comparative analysis Writing papers Dissemination events

4. Conclusion Dams are considered a low carbon energy source & are currently experiencing large growth, partly due to the climate change debate China is at the forefront of this revival of dams, investing heavily on a global scale China’s Sinohydro and China ExIm Bank play a large role in financing and building overseas dams, but also smaller players relevant, although with mixed success The dam-builders’ behaviour towards the local environment, local communities and national legislations is shaped by the governance context set by the host country. Ghana: set up a comprehensive governance framework and requested Chinese dam-builders to operate according to local legislations and best practice, still major impacts on local population Nigeria: high hopes of local population for the dam, but slim chances dam will be built, lack of capacity at dam-builder and government level Realising the low carbon transition? Yes, but the practices of both Chinese dam-builders and host countries need to be improved to increase the sustainability of dams and its local impacts.

Thank you for your attention Questions?