05/02/20101 Pilgrims and Puritans: Calvinism comes to 17 th Century America “From the Reformation to the Constitution” Bill Petro your friendly neighborhood historian

05/02/20102 Objectives By the end of this session you should be able to Trace the growth of religion in America Examine differences between Pilgrims & Puritans Detail distinctives of American Puritanism Outline the decline of New England theology

05/02/20103 Reformation Traditions Lutheranism Episcopal Anabaptist Congregational Mennonites English Separatists English Baptists } Reformed Presbyterian Scottish Presbyterian Dutch Reformed Lutheran 1517 Luther - Melanchthon French-Swiss 1532 Calvin - Beza German-Swiss 1519 Zwingli - Bullinger Swiss Brethren 1525 Grebel – Manz - Simonsz English 1536 Henry VIII - Cranmer Anglican Episcopal Church of England

05/02/20104 American Church History ColonialNationalModern CalvinismArminianism Biblistic Rationalism Liberalism Subjectivism Existentialism Theocentrism Anthropocentrism Liberalism

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6 Pilgrims England → Holland → England → America 1620: Plymouth to Plymouth Rock 102 passengers Mayflower Compact Plymouth Colony: 1 st permanent New England settlement

05/02/20107 Plymouth Rock

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05/02/ First Thanksgiving 1621 Gov Wm. Bradford proclaimed: “a day of thanksgiving and prayer” More: billpetro.com/holidayhistory

05/02/ Puritans Non-separating Congregationalists –Each congregation independent Church of England: true church Repentant church membership England might imitate their “New England.”

05/02/ Puritan Grievances Marian Exiles returned under Elizabeth James I: a sympathetic Protestant? Charles I married Henrietta Maria, Catholic princess Catholic lords given important posts Archbishop of Canterbury, William Laud’s “Roman practices”

05/02/ John Winthrop Governor of Massachusetts Bay Company Founder of Boston Sermon: “Model of Christian Charity” –“City upon a Hill”

05/02/ Colonies: 1650

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05/02/ Pilgrims vs. Puritans FewMany Early (1620)Later ( ) Poor classUpper middle class UneducatedEducated Separatists from state churchLoyal Settled in PlymouthSalem, Boston Wm. Bradford, Wm. BrewsterJohn Endicott, Miles Standish, John Winthrop

05/02/ Puritan: Myths vs. Reality “Haunting fear that someone, somewhere may be happy” Books, music, beer, rum, swam, skated, bowled Wore blackBlue, violet, green, yellow Narrow minded+100: Oxford & Cambridge “Dumme Doggs”Established Harvard after 6 years Women shelteredLiterate, well read, managed household Song-lessA capella, in unison Minority1776: 75% of Puritan roots

05/02/ The New England Primer (1683)

05/02/ Education in Puritan New England Private Education Reading, Writing Grammar School Grammar, Rhetoric, Arithmetic Latin, Greek, Hebrew College Arts: Grammar, Logic, Rhetoric, Arithmetic, Geometry, Astronomy Philosophies: Metaphysics, Ethics, Natural Science Also: Greek, Hebrew, Ancient History

05/02/ Cotton Mather Best-known New England Puritan divine of his generation Published 450 books and pamphlets Accused, unfairly, of instigating the Salem witchcraft trials

05/02/ “Plain” Puritan Sermons Text Doctrine Uses Applications

05/02/ New England Bible Commonwealths Sought guidance of Scripture for all aspects of citizen’s lives Scripture authority in criminal statutes

05/02/ The English Bible in the 16 th Century Wycliffe1380 Gutenberg1450 Tyndale1525 Coverdale1535 Matthew1537 Taverner1539 Great1539 Geneva1560 Bishops’1568 Rheims-Douai (NT)1582 King James1611 Less than 100 years: 9 translations

05/02/ Geneva Bible 1560 in Geneva Leader: William Whittingham, sister of John Calvin Used by the Pilgrims & Puritans in New England 1560 – 1630: 200 editions Bible of Shakespeare, Bunyan, Cromwell’s Army

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05/02/ KJV Bible Committee of English scholars between "Authorized Version” 1 st carried by John Winthrop to Massachusetts in 1630 Supplanted Geneva Bible

05/02/ Puritan Ecclesiastical Theory Grace Covenant Spiritual Invisible Church Covenant Physical Visible Church Privileges: Communion Church Offices Political Privileges: Elections Civic Offices

05/02/ Decline of New England Theology 1643: 11% church membership –Preaching of the “Jeremiad” 1657: Half-Way Covenant –Secularized state 1677: Stoddardeanism: Very open Communion –Secularized church 1691: Massachusetts a Royal Colony –No religious bans 1692: Salem Witch Trials

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05/02/ Salem Witch Trials

05/02/ Word Summary Catholic ChurchMerit LutherJustification ZwingliSovereignty AnabaptistsBeliever’s Baptism CalvinOmnipotence ArminiusAbility “Calvinism”TULIP KnoxThundering Henry VIIIMarried PilgrimsSeparatists PuritansSaints