Discussion of Paper THE MAUNDER MINIMUM IS NOT AS GRAND AS IT SEEMED TO BE N. V. Zolotova and D. I. Ponyavin Leif Svalgaard Stanford University Feb. 17,

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Presentation transcript:

Discussion of Paper THE MAUNDER MINIMUM IS NOT AS GRAND AS IT SEEMED TO BE N. V. Zolotova and D. I. Ponyavin Leif Svalgaard Stanford University Feb. 17, 2015

The Paper

Unfortunately Two Data Series Hoyt & Schatten, GRL 21, 1994 Ken Schatten

How Well was the Maunder Minimum Observed? H&S Number of days per year with ‘observations’ It is not credible that for many years there were not a single day without observations

Perhaps a More Realistic Assessment H&S 1700

The Zürich Classification a: no penumbra, no bipolar structure b: no penumbra, but clear bipolar structure h: with penumbra, but no clear bipolar structure But large spots Evolution Pore: A feature in the photosphere, 1 to 3 arc seconds in extent, usually not much darker than the dark spaces between photospheric granules. It is distinguished from a sunspot by its short lifetime, 10 to 100 minutes.

Occurrence of Small Spot Groups [Zürich Class A and B] Data from Waldmeier, McIntosh, and Locarno

Staudach’s Drawings Pink Ovals show the Grouping proposed by R. Wolf [and used by H&S]. Green ovals show my recent recount. On average I count 24% more groups than Wolf did. The observers in Locarno generally agree with me, except that they occasionally propose even more groups than I.

Modern Image With small non-acromatic telescope it is doubtful that more than 1 group with 2 spots would have been counted. “In our work, we analyze the database of the nominal NSGs by Hoyt & Schatten (1998) from 1610 to Comparing the sunspot drawings by Galilei, Scheiner, Gassendi, and Hevelius, we conclude that only Galilei’s drawings are similar to the modern sunspot observations.”

Galileo “In our work, we analyze the database of the nominal NSGs by Hoyt & Schatten (1998) from 1610 to Comparing the sunspot drawings by Galilei, Scheiner, Gassendi, and Hevelius, we conclude that only Galilei’s drawings are similar to the modern sunspot observations.” Galileo's drawings of sunspots (from the Istoria e Dimostrazioni, Florence 1613)

Suggested Solar Activity Record Red box shows overcount due to weighting of sunspots