Koelreuteria paniculata “goldenraintree” SIZE: Medium HABIT: Rounded

FOL: Purple-red in spring; bright green in summer; yellow in fall

BARK: Light gray-brown at maturity.

FL. & FR.: bright yellow; fragrant; in terminal panicles in July; fruit = papery capsule changing from green to yellow to brown

CULTURE: Tolerates dry, hot, windy and alkaline sites; tolerates air pollution; full sun PESTS: None serious USE: Lawns, patios, street tree MISC.: K. bipinnata is similar but less cold hardy (Zone 6-8) but more showy in fruit with red-pink capsules

Tilia americana “American linden” or “basswood” SIZE: Large HABIT: Pyramidal when young; rounded when mature

FOL: Dark green in summer; yellow-green in fall; often no fall color

BARK: Gray to brown, broken into long flat-topped ridges.

FL. & FR.: pale yellow; fragrant; in pendulous cymes in June; fruit = nutlet, not ornamental

CULTURE: Tolerates dry, heavy, and rocky soils; pH adaptable; full sun to partial shade PESTS: Several, however none serious in this area USE: Large areas; naturalizing MISC.: Bees make excellent honey from the nectar in the flowers

Tilia cordata “littleleaf linden” SIZE: Medium to large HABIT: Remains pyramidal

FOL: Dark, shiney green in summer; yellow- green in fall (not ornamental)

BARK: Gray, similar to T. americana

FL. & FR.: Yellowish, fragrant, pendulous cyme in July; fruit = nutlet, not ornamental

CULTURE: Tolerates alkaline soils, pollution tolerant, tolerates pruning PESTS: Aphids and Japanese beetles USE: EXCELLENT street tree, shade tree, planter tree, hedge MISC.: Bees like this too! Many cultivars: ‘Fairview’ and ‘Greenspire’ are the most common

Tilia tomentosa “silver linden” SIZE: Medium to large HABIT: Pyramidal when young; pyramidal-oval when mature

FOL: Lustrous dark green above and silvery- white, tomentose below

BARK: Light gray and smooth, can be beech like on mature trunks

FL. & FR.: yellow-white, fragrant, pendulous cymes in July; fruit = nutlet, not ornamental

CULTURE: Tolerates alkaline soils, pollution tolerant, tolerates pruning; tolerates heat and dry better than other lindens PESTS: Few; aphids USE: Excellent street tree or residential shade tree MISC.: Several cultivars; flowers are narcotic to bees

Celtis occidentalis “common hackberry” SIZE: Medium HABIT: Pyramidal when young; vase-shaped when mature vase-shaped when mature

FOL: Bright green in summer; yellow in fall

BARK: Distinctive with narrow corky ridges

FL. & FR.: Not showy; fruit = dark purple drupe, 1/3”

CULTURE: Tolerates most soils and pH; tolerates wet or dry soils; tolerates wind; tolerates city “dirt” PESTS: Nipple galls; witches’ brooms USE: Does well in the open prairie (dry and windy); large spaces; attracts wildlife MISC.: VERY hard seed

Ulmus americana “American elm” SIZE: Large! HABIT: Vase shaped when mature

FOL: Dark green in summer; yellow in fall

BARK: Dark gray with deep fissures. Outer bark in cross section shows layers of whitish- buff color alternating with darker layers.

FL. & FR.: Not showy; fruit = 1/2” disk- shaped samara in June

CULTURE: Easily transplanted; fibrous roots; tolerates standing water; pH and salt tolerant USE: Majestic and graceful; street and lawn tree; use limited by disease; native MISC.: Once the most commonly used tree in towns across America.

PESTS: Wetwood (bacteria); cankers; leaf curl aphid; leaf spot; Dutch elm disease (Fungus = Ophiostoma ulmi spread by elm bark beetle); Japanese beetles; fall cankerworms; leaf miner...

Ulmus parvifolia “lacebark elm” SIZE: Medium HABIT: Rounded, upright but pendulous branchlets

FOL: Lustrous dark green in summer; yellow- red in fall (ok)

BARK: Exfoliating in irregular patches, exposing lighter bark beneath

FL. & FR.: Not showy; fruit = 1/3” round samara in October CULTURE: Easily transplanted; pH and soil adaptable; tolerates poor soils and urban conditions PESTS: Few (relatively); resistant to Dutch elm disease USE: Lawn or street tree

MISC.: An excellent tree! Do not confuse with U. pumila (also called “Chinese elm”)

Zelkova serrata “Japanese zelkova” SIZE: Medium HABIT: Vase-shaped

FOL: Dark green in summer; yellow-orange- red-purple in fall

BARK: Reddish brown in youth. Becoming more gray-brown with age. Can exfoliate in a manner not unlike U. parvifolia

FL. & FR.: Not showy; fruit = a tiny drupe in fall (not showy)

CULTURE: Transplant easily; pH adaptable; wind and drought tolerant; pollution tolerant; susceptible to frost when young PESTS: Resistant to Dutch elm disease; elm leaf beetle and Japanese beetle; few USE: Lawns, streets, large areas. A “replacement” for U. americana A “replacement” for U. americana MISC.: Marginally hardy here!

Zelkova serrata ‘Goshiki’

Acer campestre “hedge maple” SIZE: Medium tree HABIT: Rounded and dense; low branched low branched

FOL: Dark green; bright yellow in fall

BARK: Dark grayish, slightly shaggy with age. Can resemble Norway maple.

FL. & FR.: Green in corymbs (not showy); schizocarp 3” across, 180 o angle

CULTURE: Extremely adaptable; tolerates dry, compact, alkaline and acidic soils; tolerates air pollution; tolerates light shade; tolerates severe pruning PESTS: None serious

MISC.: Easily transplanted; underutilized

USE: Specimen, street tree (good under utility lines), pruned into hedges in Europe

Acer ginnala “amur maple” SIZE: Small to medium tree HABIT: Multi-stemmed shrub or small tree; variable

FOL: Glossy dark green in summer; yellow to red in fall (not consistent)

BARK: Grayish brown in color, generally smooth with dark striations

FL. & FR.: Flowers fragrant in May (not showy); fruit = schizocarp, parallel hanging samaras, 1”

CULTURE: Easily transplanted; soil and pH adaptable; tolerates heavy pruning; tolerates some shade PESTS: Few USE: Patio, screen, mass, container plant MISC.: Very cold hardy (USDA Zone 2)

Acer griseum “paperbark maple” SIZE: Small to medium tree HABIT: Upright-oval

FOL: Bluish-green in summer; russet-red in fall

BARK: Rich brown to reddish brown. Outstanding and VERY ornamental

FL. & FR.: Not showy; fruit = schizocarp with 1” samaras

CULTURE: Transplant B&B or container in spring; soil and pH adaptable: tolerates clay PESTS: None USE: Small yard, patio, specimen MISC.: OUTSTANDING exfoliating red bark!!

Acer palmatum “Japanese maple” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Variable! Cultivar dependent!

FOL: Typically green in summer becoming yellow or red in fall

BARK: Variable. Young stems range from green to reddish purple. Mature bark is often smooth gray.

FL. & FR.: Red-purple umbels in June; fruit = schizocarp with 1/2” red samaras

CULTURE: Never let dry out before or after transplanting! Protect from frost! Tolerates light shade PESTS: None serious USE: Specimen, accent, patio, bonsai MISC.: Many, many cultivars… For USDA Zones 4-5, Acer pseudosieboldianum (“Korean maple”) would be a better choice

Acer palmatum ‘Bloodgood’

Acer palmatum ‘Sango Kaku’

Acer palmatum ‘Versicolor’

Acer palmatum ‘Atrolineare’

Acer palmatum 'Toyama Nishiki'

Acer pseudosieboldianum “Korean maple” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Upright yet rounded

FOL: Green in summer becoming orange and red in late fall

BARK: similar to A. palmatum

FL. & FR.: Red-purple corymbs in June; fruit = schizocarp with 1/2” purple-brown samaras

CULTURE: Never let dry out before or after transplanting! Protect from frost! Tolerates light shade PESTS: None serious USE: Specimen, accent, patio, bonsai MISC.: A better choice for USDA Zones 4-5 than A. palmatum

Acer pseudosieboldianum ‘Aureum’

Acer triflorum “three-flower maple” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Upright-spreading, full, dense and rounded canopy.

FOL: Trifoliate! Dark green in summer becoming an outstanding yellow and/or red in fall

BARK: Bark is golden amber in color and exfoliating

FL. & FR.: Clustered in three’s in June; fruit = schizocarp with 1” green samaras at 120°, thick nutlets and hairy covering

CULTURE: Never let dry out before or after transplanting! Best B & B. Prefers acidic, MWDS. PESTS: None serious USE: Specimen, accent, patio, bonsai MISC.: Outstanding plant! Develops peeling/exfoliating bark which is golden yellow-brown. Cultivar selections needed!

Cotinus coggygria “smokebush” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Upright, spreading, loose-open; multistemmed loose-open; multistemmed

FOL: Bluish-green in summer; yellow- red-purple in fall

BARK: Grayish brown in color, becoming slightly fissured with age.

FL. & FR.: Not showy, pedicle/peduncle is showy (hairs)... smokey-pink in summer

CULTURE: Easily transplanted; tolerates most soils, especially dry and rocky PESTS: None serious USE: Shrub borders; massing; groups; accent MISC.: ‘Royal Purple’ = maroon-purple foliage throughout summer, darker “smoke”

Cotinus coggygria ‘Ancot’ = Golden Spirit smokebush

Cotinus coggygria ‘Royal Purple’

Cotinus obovatus

Cotinus x ‘Grace’

Rhus typhina “staghorn sumac” SIZE: Small tree to medium shrub HABIT: Loose and open, spreading; rounded crown from clustered plants

FOL: Bright green in summer; yellow- orange-red in fall (spectacular!)

STEMS: Young stems are covered in a velvety pubescence. Older stems become gray and smooth.

FL. & FR.: Dioecious; yellowish in June in 8” panicles (sl. showy); Fruit = (on female) is a red, hairy drupe clustered on a pyramidal panicle

CULTURE: Easily transplanted; tolerates all soils except wet sites; tolerates urban conditions PESTS: None serious USE: Massing, naturalizing MISC.: “Laciniata” = cut-leaf, female clone. Does not sucker as readily as the species. Can be propagated by root pieces and suckers.

Rhus typhina ‘Laciniata’

Aralia spinosa “devils-walkingstick” SIZE: Small tree to medium shrub HABIT: Single or multistemmed; spreading; very open and coarse

FOL: Dark green in summer; yellowish in fall (not showy)

STEMS: Gray-straw colored, armed with many sharp prickles. Distinct leaf scars half encirling buds.

FL. & FR.: Tiny white in mid-summer on ’ terminal panicles; Fruit = tiny purple- black drupe (not showy) however the infructescence turns pinkish-red!!

CULTURE: Easy to transplant; tolerates clay and rocky soils; tolerates partial shade; pH tolerant; urban tolerant PESTS: None serious USE: For rugged areas and difficult locations; use tempered by spreading shoots from roots; naturalizing MISC.: Novelty plant, somewhat weedy… Aralia elata (“Japanese aralia”) is more cold hardy and lacks prickles. There are several outstanding variegated forms of A. elata

Aralia elata ‘Aureovariegata’

Aralia elata ‘Variegata’

Carpinus betulus ‘Fastigiata’ “fastigiate European hornbeam” SIZE: Small tree HABIT: Single trunked with a conical habit; densely “twiggy”

FOL: Dark green in summer; yellowish in fall (not showy)

BARK: Smooth, steel gray, fluted with a muscle like character

FL. & FR.: Monoecious, catkins in April (not showy); Fruit = nutlet attached to a mitten- shaped bract in Sept. (not showy)

CULTURE: Easy to transplant; tolerates most soils except wet; tolerates partial shade; pH tolerant; urban tolerant; pruning tolerant PESTS: None serious (a very “clean” plant) USE: Formal tree; ok for foundation plantings; good as a street tree; makes a good winter screen due to extensive branches MISC.: The most common cultivar of this species in cultivation. The species is rare in the U.S.

Carpinus caroliniana “American hornbeam” SIZE: Medium shrub or small tree HABIT: Multistemmed; widespreading; occasionally single-stemmed and upright

FOL: Dark green in summer; yellow-orange- scarlet in fall (can be quite nice!)

BARK: Similar to C. betulus

FL. & FR.: Monoecious; not showy; Fruit = nutlet with 3-lobed bract, clustered on raceme, persist, turning red in fall

CULTURE: Difficult to transplant; tolerates heavy shade (fall color better in sun); tolerates wet sites PESTS: None serious USE: Naturalizing MISC.: Underutilized in landscapes

Kolkwitzia amabilis “beautybush” SIZE: Medium HABIT: Upright and arching; vase-shaped; leggy with age

FOL: Dull dark green in summer; sl. yellowish- reddish in fall (not showy)

BARK: Light grayish brown and often exfoliating on older stems

FL. & FR.: Pink, trumpet-shaped, 1” long in May- June clustered in corymbs; Fruit = 1/4” bristly, dehiscent capsule (persistent)

CULTURE: Easily transplanted; pH adaptable; full sun to partial shade PESTS: None serious USE: Accent; hedge; mass MISC.: Spectacular in flower but not much after that! Interesting peeling bark.

Lonicera tartarica “tartarian honeysuckle” SIZE: Medium shrub HABIT: Upright, multistemmed; dense and twiggy

FOL: Bluish-green in summer; yellowish in fall (not showy)

STEMS: Green at first, turning brownish with age

FL. & FR.: 1” long, thin trumpet white to red in May; Fruit = 1/4” berry orange-red in summer

CULTURE: Easily transplanted; tolerates most soils and conditions! Full sun to partial shade PESTS: None serious USE: Hedge; shrub border; weedy! MISC.: Birds eat and spread seeds… Classified as an invasive weed in Vermont! DO NOT use an an ornamental plant!

Viburnum sieboldii “Siebold viburnum” SIZE: Large shrub or small tree HABIT: Upright and open; spreading

FOL: Glossy, dark green in summer; no fall color; holds leaves late in fall

BARK: Grayish in color. Similar to V. lentago

FL. & FR.: White in 5” flat-topped cymes in May; Fruit = oval 1/2” red becoming black drupe in fall; infructescence is red in fall and showy after fruit drops

CULTURE: Transplants easily; sun or partial shade; requires a moist site or leaves will scorch; pH adaptable PESTS: None serious USE: Specimen; foundation plant for large buildings; fruit attracts wildlife MISC.: Foliage is foetid when crushed; birds love the fruit; underutilized