12 Contents Chapter Section 12.1 Brain Development from One to Three Intellectual Development from One to Three Contents Section 12.1 Brain Development from One to Three Section 12.2 Encouraging Learning from One to Three

Section 12.1 Brain Development from One to Three Both heredity and environment play major roles in the development of a child’s intelligence. Intellectual activity becomes increasingly complex.

Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary neuroscience elicit intelligence incidental learning trial-and-error learning imitation directed learning creativity elicit stifle

Brain Development The brain plays a major role in directing behavior and determining intelligence. intelligence The ability to interpret and understand everyday situations and to use prior experiences when faced with new situations or problems. 4

Brain Development Neuroscience has expanded the knowledge of how a child’s brain develops. Children learn concepts and words for those concepts in stages. neuroscience The modern study of the brain. 5

Methods of Learning Much of what children learn comes from everyday experiences and play. According to Piaget, between the ages of one and three years, toddlers progress from the sensorimotor to the preoperational period. What can children learn by helping a parent sort laundry? 6

Methods of Learning There are four methods of learning that children use: incidental trial-and-error imitation directed trial-and-error learning Learning that takes place when a child tries several solutions to find one that works. Incidental learning Unplanned Learning. 7

Methods of Learning There are four methods of learning that children use: incidental trial-and-error imitation directed imitation Learning by watching and copying others directed learning Learning that results from being taught, often by parents, other caregivers, teachers, or older siblings.

Intellectual Activity Areas The seven areas of intellectual activity develop throughout life: attention memory perception reasoning imagination creativity curiosity creativity A mental ability that involves using the imagination to produce original ideas. 9

Intellectual Activity Areas Intellectual Developmental Milestones – Ages 1 - 3 Age Developmental Milestone 10

Section 12.2 Encouraging Learning from One to Three Children need to have certain skills before they are ready to read or learn basic math concepts. During this time, their language skills grow rapidly. Toys play an important developmental role.

Content Vocabulary Academic Vocabulary reading readiness math readiness articulation stuttering unstructured decipher

Readiness for Learning Children need to have acquired certain skills before they are ready to read or learn basic math concepts. There are many ways parents and caregivers can help guide a child’s learning.

Readiness for Learning Parents and caregivers can encourage reading readiness and math readiness during play and everyday activities. reading readiness Learning the skills necessary for reading, including letter recognition and the understanding that letters of the alphabet combine to form words on a page. math readiness The level of knowledge of basic math concepts, such as number recognition, needed for learning math.

Language Abilities There are several parts of language that children have an inborn ability to decipher: Children may experience speech difficulties. sounds words sentences grammar decipher To interpret; to study something until it can be understood.

Play Activities and Toys Toys play an important role in the development of one-to three-year-olds: Toys encourage motor skills to develop. Toys can encourage social skills such as sharing and cooperating with others. How do you think some of your favorite childhood toys helped develop your motor skills?

Play Activities and Toys Parents and caregivers should know how to evaluate toys for young children.

Brain Development from One to Three Chapter Summary Section 12.1 Brain Development from One to Three Intelligence is determined by both heredity and environment. Children learn concepts and the words for those concepts in stages. Learning methods include incidental, trial-and-error, imitation, and directed learning. There are seven areas of intellectual activity. 18

Encouraging Learning from One to Three Chapter Summary Section 11.2 Encouraging Learning from One to Three Children’s learning can be guided by adults. Caregivers should encourage reading and math readiness during play and everyday activities. Toys should be safe, appealing, and appropriate to a child’s age. Speech difficulties include problems with articulation and stuttering. 19

Review Do you remember the vocabulary terms from this chapter? Use the following slides to check your knowledge of the definitions. The slides in this section include both English and Spanish terms and definitions. Start

neuroscience neurociencia The modern study of the brain. El estudio moderno del cerebro. Show Definition

intelligence inteligencia The ability to interpret and understand everyday situations and to use prior experiences when faced with new situations or problems. La habilidad de interpretar y entender situaciones cotidianas y de usar experiencias anteriores al enfrentar situaciones o problemas nuevos. Show Definition

aprendizaje incidental incidental learning Unplanned learning. Aprendizaje no planeado. Show Definition

trial-and-error learning aprendizaje por ensayo y error Learning that takes place when a child tries several solutions to find one that works. Aprendizaje que sucede cuando un niño prueba varias soluciones para encontrar la que funciona. Show Definition

Learning by watching and copying others. imitation imitación Learning by watching and copying others. Aprender por medio de observar e imitar o copiar a otros. Show Definition

aprendizaje dirigido directed learning Learning that results from being taught, often by parents, other caregivers, teachers, or older siblings. Conocimientos que se adquieren mediante la enseñanza, ya sea de maestros, padres, hermanos mayores u otras personas a cargo de cuidar al niño. Show Definition

creativity creatividad A mental ability that involves using the imagination to produce original ideas. Habilidad mental que involucra utilizar la imaginación para crear ideas originales. Show Definition

preparación para la lectura reading readiness Learning the skills necessary for reading, including letter recognition and the understanding that letters of the alphabet combine to form words on a page. Aprender las habilidades necesarias para leer, incluyendo el reconocimiento de las letras del alfabeto y la comprensión de que éstas se combinan para formar palabras en una página. Show Definition

preparación para las matemáticas math readiness The level of knowledge of basic math concepts, such as number recognition, needed for learning math. Nivel de conocimiento de conceptos básicos necesarios para aprender matemáticas, como por ejemplo, reconocer los números. Show Definition

articulation articulación The ability to use clear, distinct speech. Habilidad para hablar de manera clara. Show Definition

When a person speaks with sporadic repetition or prolonged sounds. stuttering tartamudeo When a person speaks with sporadic repetition or prolonged sounds. Cuando una persona habla con repeticiones esporádicas o sonidos prolongados. Show Definition

elicit provocar To bring forth; to produce some sort of reaction or response. Generar una reacción o respuesta. Show Definition

To suppress, or prevent the development of something. stifle reprimir To suppress, or prevent the development of something. Contener, o evitar el desarrollo de algo. Show Definition

Lacking formal organization. Que no tiene organización formal. unstructured no estructurado Lacking formal organization. Que no tiene organización formal. Show Definition

To interpret; to study something until it can be understood. decipher autodisciplina To interpret; to study something until it can be understood. Interpretar; estudiar algo hasta entenderlo. Show Definition

Intellectual Development from One to Three End of Chapter 12 Intellectual Development from One to Three home glencoe.com