Lecture 7 Gene Structure and Transposable Elements Gene structure Gene families Repetitive DNA including transposons Organelle genomes Reading: Chapter.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 7 Gene Structure and Transposable Elements Gene structure Gene families Repetitive DNA including transposons Organelle genomes Reading: Chapter 10 Molecular Biology syllabus web siteweb site

Gene Structure

Gene Families -tissue-specific and temporal-specific expression -diverging activities or localization

DNA Classes

Reassociation experiments reveal three major fractions of eukaryotic DNA Single copy DNA (50-60%) Moderately-repeated/ intermediate-repeat DNA (25- 40%); includes mobile DNA elements Simple-sequence DNA (10-15%)

Human metaphase chromosomes: in situ hybridization with fluorescent-labelled “simple sequence” DNA probe

Human DNA fingerprints DNA probed with 3 different microsatellite DNA probes a,b,c show characteristic patterns of individuals. Probe ‘b’

Mutable phenotypes caused by transposable elements nonmutable mutable

Transposable Elements

Transposable element excision results in target site duplication or other DNA sequence changes

Chromatin Structure

Nucleosomes DNA

Cultured undifferentiated MSB cellsDifferentiated red blood cells at 14 days Chromatin structure changes during differentiation of cells

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