Food and Food Processing Robin Walker Melissa Vargas David Quan Arin Morad April Perez

Food Food-” What is Fed upon, that which goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated by the organism of an animal or a plant…eaten for nourishment” (brainydictionary.com) Food-” What is Fed upon, that which goes to support life by being received within, and assimilated by the organism of an animal or a plant…eaten for nourishment” (brainydictionary.com)April

Food Processing April Definition- “the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for consumption by humans” (freedictionary.com) Definition- “the methods and techniques used to transform raw ingredients into food for consumption by humans” (freedictionary.com)

Examples Removal of toxins Removal of toxins Milling Milling Fermentation Fermentation Controlled storage Controlled storage Packaging Packaging Blanching Blanching Cooking Cooking Freezing April Freezing April

Detoxification Process of making food safe to eat Process of making food safe to eat Many of our earlier foods required that the toxins or poisons be removed before eating Many of our earlier foods required that the toxins or poisons be removed before eating Women’s involvement lead to inventions like the stone pestle, graters, sieves, strainers, and mallets Women’s involvement lead to inventions like the stone pestle, graters, sieves, strainers, and mallets Arin Arin

Detoxification continued Main crops that women began to detoxify: Main crops that women began to detoxify: Olives, Taro, and Sago Olives, Taro, and Sago Mary Engle Pennington- research led to standards and practices for milk safety -She headed the U.S department of Agriculture -She headed the U.S department of Agriculture Arin Arin

Milling Women as Millers Women as Millers -!Kung and Egyptians used donkey jawbones for harvesting -Nutufians used querns (grain mills) to grind wild grains into meal Inventors -Sybylla Masters-Food Mill (1715) -Madeline Turner-Juice Extraction (1916) -Madeline Turner-Juice Extraction (1916) Robin Robin

Fermentation Yogurt-made in the Balkin Islands thousands of years ago Yogurt-made in the Balkin Islands thousands of years ago Egypt and Babylon-Beer made and sold by women Egypt and Babylon-Beer made and sold by women Asia-Women made brandy (burnt wine) Asia-Women made brandy (burnt wine) -Not picked up in Europe until much later -Not picked up in Europe until much later Because women did so much with food it’s natural they were the inventors of alcohol Because women did so much with food it’s natural they were the inventors of alcohol Today many tribes still have women as brew masters for both ceremonial and every day consumption Today many tribes still have women as brew masters for both ceremonial and every day consumption Robin Robin

Storage & Packaging Storage -to stack or supply for future use Storage -to stack or supply for future use Package -manner in which something, such as a product is presented to the public Package -manner in which something, such as a product is presented to the public David David

Importance of storing Foods Foods are kept fresh Foods are kept fresh Foods will last longer Foods will last longer David David

Types of Storage Refrigerator Storage Refrigerator Storage Freezer Storage Freezer Storage 6 Shelf Restaurant Refrigerator/Freezer 6 Shelf Restaurant Refrigerator/Freezer In other words if you got one you must be rich In other words if you got one you must be rich top shelf-cooked or prepared food top shelf-cooked or prepared food 2 nd shelf-uncooked seafood 2 nd shelf-uncooked seafood 3 rd shelf-uncooked non ground beef 3 rd shelf-uncooked non ground beef 4 th shelf-uncooked pork 4 th shelf-uncooked pork 5 th shelf-uncooked ground beef 5 th shelf-uncooked ground beef bottom shelf-uncooked chicken bottom shelf-uncooked chicken David David

Functions of Packaging Contain Contain Protect Protect Inform Inform Facilitate the use of product Facilitate the use of product -Laura Scudder -Laura Scudder Potato chip bags Potato chip bags Made of wax Made of wax sealed by iron by factory workers sealed by iron by factory workers David David

Melissa

Cooking Cooking is the act of preparing food for consumption using heat or fire. It encompasses a vast range of methods, tools, and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavor and/or digestibility of food Cooking is the act of preparing food for consumption using heat or fire. It encompasses a vast range of methods, tools, and combinations of ingredients to improve the flavor and/or digestibility of food Melissa Melissa

Cooking Makes food easier to digest and remove toxic elements. Makes food easier to digest and remove toxic elements. “cooking can be a great art.” “cooking can be a great art.” Mmmmm!!! Melissa Mmmmm!!! Melissa

Types pf Cooking Barbecue Barbecue Baking Baking Roasting Roasting Deep frying Deep frying Rotisserie Rotisserie Microwave Microwave

Cooking Inventions The stove Elizabeth hawk invented the stove in 1867 Ruth Wakefield invented Toll House Cookies Melissa Melissa

What is Blanching? Blanching is a cooking term that describes a process of food preparation Blanching is a cooking term that describes a process of food preparation Food substance is rapidly plunged into boiling water and then removed after a brief, timed interval then plunged into ice water or placed under cold running water Food substance is rapidly plunged into boiling water and then removed after a brief, timed interval then plunged into ice water or placed under cold running water Blanching rapidly heats and then cools the food Blanching rapidly heats and then cools the food -This allows the food, usually fruits and vegetables, to -This allows the food, usually fruits and vegetables, to come out and makes the food’s natural flavor more come out and makes the food’s natural flavor more pronounced, and is often a preparative technique for pronounced, and is often a preparative technique for freezing food freezing food Melissa Melissa

4 Types of Blanching Water Blanching Water Blanching Steam Blanching Steam Blanching Microwave Blanching Microwave Blanching Cooling Cooling Melissa Melissa

Freezing Freezing-Preserves food for longer periods of time Freezing-Preserves food for longer periods of time “extreme cold slows the growth of “extreme cold slows the growth of microorganisms and the chemical microorganisms and the chemical changes that affect quality or cause changes that affect quality or cause spoilage” spoilage”

Before 1748 people cooled their food in ice and snow Before 1748 people cooled their food in ice and snow Inventors Inventors -Clarence Birdseye-observed people storing fish and meat in barrels of frozen seawater that quickly froze in the Arctic -Clarence Birdseye-observed people storing fish and meat in barrels of frozen seawater that quickly froze in the Arctic Conclusion: food could be frozen and thawed to be cooked months later April April

Birdseye invention bought in 1929 by General Foods Corp. for $22 million Birdseye invention bought in 1929 by General Foods Corp. for $22 million 1930-first quick frozen vegetables, fruit, and seafood were sold to the public 1930-first quick frozen vegetables, fruit, and seafood were sold to the public Mary Engle Pennington- helped to create laws regarding foods and drugs Designed household and industrial refrigerators Designed household and industrial refrigerators April April

Rose Totino- Invented Frozen Pizza Rose Totino- Invented Frozen Pizza Frozen pizza dough patented in 1981 Frozen pizza dough patented in 1981 sold to Pillsbury for $20 million sold to Pillsbury for $20 million April April

Women Inventors Food Process Technology Detoxification Milling Food Mill Extraction Sybylla Masters Madeline Turner Fermentation Storage and Packaging Potato Chip Bags Laura Scudder CookingStove Toll House Cookies Elizabeth Hawk Ruth Wakefield Freezing Frozen Pizza Rose Totino