Animal health in pastoral area F. Njeumi PPR-GEP Coordinator

Threats to pastoralists and food chain The increasing number of outbreaks of transboundary animal diseases (TADs), plant pests and diseases and food safety emergencies have raised public awareness. Their potential impact on human health as well as on livelihoods, food security, national economies and on global markets presents a cause for alarm. High % of these animals are owned by pastoralists in the dry land. Eastern Africa holds some of the highest concentrations of domestic and wild animals in the World.

EFFECTIVE VETERINARY SERVICES EARLY WARNING (GLEW) surveillance with diagnosis EARLY REACTION (CMC) CONTINGENCY PLANNING Coordination ensured rapid reaction EMPRES/CMC/GLEWS

FAO/IBAR effort the dry land TADs spreading across borders due to search for pasture or trade in sick animals: Cross-border animal health programme Sharing of information to build pastoralist resilience Co-ordinate investment for pastoralist to access services (training, Community Animal Health Workers [CAHW], Participatory Disease Search) Formulate and implement collaborative activities (vaccination, treatment….)

CountryRegionSpecies Kenya High riskCattle Sheep Goat Low riskCattle Sheep Goat Somalia High riskCattle Low riskCattle Ethiopia High riskCattle Low riskCattle Total Total: 156,025 animals sampled during 9 years serosurveys

Supporting Horn of Africa Resilience (SHARE) The EC SHARE aims to assist the people in the Horn of Africa to recover from the recent drought and to strengthen their ability to better withstand future crises. Country portfolio on prevention and control of PPR and other SRD linked to the regional (IGAD) Improved PPR vaccine production capacity (thermo-stable and other); improved disease surveillance, disease investigation and (laboratory) diagnostic capacity of veterinarians and the veterinary services; Tool to promote and contribute to the formulation and implementation of a IGAD region PPR control Strategy Target countries: Djibouti, Kenya, Ethiopia Other project in the Horn of Africa Standard Methods and Procedures in Animal Health (SMP-AH), Improving surveillance of trade-sensitive animal diseases in IGAD Member States’’ (Surveillance of Trade-sensitive diseases) Reinforcing Animal Health Services in Somalia (RAHS)

Digital Pen technology in Kenya In the dry land system where it takes an average of two months for disease reports to reach decision makers, response to disease outbreaks is almost impossible. 49 digital pens were introduced into 29 districts in Kenya. Disease reports and movement permits are incorporated into the national database in a matter of seconds, enabling timely and immediate response. This reduce significantly the cost of livestock trading and enable the government to map numbers of livestock moving for trade in different areas of the country. Coupling this information with real time disease reporting, the government is able to map potential disease hot spots and react prior to outbreaks. This have a significant effect on the management of livestock diseases, saving both the livestock keepers and the national government significant amounts of money (disease impact).

Mobile Application (EMA-i) in Uganda  To collect and report real-time a disease event from the field;  To safely store epidemiological data in one database – EMPRES-i platform  To access/visualize from the field on a map geo referenced data of outbreaks available in the EMPRES-i database (“Near me”).  To attach pictures of sick animals

Results: reports submitted to NADDEC -126 disease reports sent with EMA-i from July-December 2013 in real-time (45 in 2012 and 56 in 2011 monthly reported)

Distribution of cold chain in Somalia Problems: Power shortage, panel solar, freezer, accessibility of dry land… Thermostable vaccine To replace the cold chain: Rinderpest thermostabel in the last phase of rinderpest eradication Xerovac for New castle disease, PPR and S&G pox thermostable under development in Africa

- For early warning, there is need of pencil test, digital pen technology to detect and report as early as possible any disease. - Early reaction: mobile team ready to investigate, collect samples with sound laboratory capacity to confirm the diagnosis. - Considering the weather in the dry land and the power shortage for keeping the vaccine in appropriate temperature, the development of thermostable vaccine is encouraged. - New surveillance methodologies should be investigated: risk based surveillance and participatory disease surveillance with the use of CAHWs was useful for rinderpest eradication. - EMPRES mechanism through its early warning (GLEWS), early reaction (CMC), coordination and research is appropriate in the dray land. Conclusion