Rose Gardening by David G. Hallauer Jefferson County Extension Agent, Agriculture “Welcome to our Garden” 2006 JCEEU Spring Tea

What's in a name? that which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. - Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet

I Never Promised You a Rose Garden I will promise one plant, however! I will promise one plant, however! I won’t promise you it will be alive next year at this time! I won’t promise you it will be alive next year at this time! Even after today, your rose garden will need constant attention and improvement to even maintain itself, let alone expand! Even after today, your rose garden will need constant attention and improvement to even maintain itself, let alone expand!

Rose History compliments of the University of Illinois, AARS (All American Rose Selections), and Kansas State University

The world is a rose; smell it and pass it to your friends. - Persian Proverb Originated in Central Asia MILLIONS of years ago. A Sumerian author (current day Iraq) first documented the rose in “Ode to the Rose” calling it the “queen of flowers” in 600 B.C. Originated in Central Asia MILLIONS of years ago. A Sumerian author (current day Iraq) first documented the rose in “Ode to the Rose” calling it the “queen of flowers” in 600 B.C. It has since migrated to the Northern Hemisphere via colonists, making it the longest cultivated European plant in the country. It has since migrated to the Northern Hemisphere via colonists, making it the longest cultivated European plant in the country.

I'd rather have roses on my table than diamonds on my neck. - Emma Goldman Modern hybrids date to 1867, with Hybrid Teas becoming the dominant rose by Modern hybrids date to 1867, with Hybrid Teas becoming the dominant rose by A fossilized rose in Colorado indicates wild roses grew here 35 million years ago, with some species still in abundance! A fossilized rose in Colorado indicates wild roses grew here 35 million years ago, with some species still in abundance!

A “gift” from France! One of the most popular roses of all time, Peace, an AARS 1946 selection, and one of the most popular of all time, was smuggled here from France in 1945 One of the most popular roses of all time, Peace, an AARS 1946 selection, and one of the most popular of all time, was smuggled here from France in 1945

All American Rose Selections AARS formed in 1938 to test new varieties, to see which would be recommended to the public. AARS formed in 1938 to test new varieties, to see which would be recommended to the public Renisch Rose Garden in Gage Park is a test site. Renisch Rose Garden in Gage Park is a test site.

Symbolism Love Love Beauty Beauty War – 15 th Century English conflict War – 15 th Century English conflict Politics Politics

Joy, Gladness Rose of Texas? COLORSYMBOLISM Red Love, Respect Deep Pink Gratitude, Appreciation Light Pink Admiration, Sympathy White Reverence, Humility Yellow Joy, Gladness Orange Enthusiasm, Desire Red & Yellow Gaiety, Joviality Yellow Sociability, Friendship

General Classification Bush Bush 6” Miniatures to 6’ Grandifloras 6” Miniatures to 6’ Grandifloras Self supporting/grow upright Self supporting/grow upright Climbing Climbing Produce long, vigorous canes that must be supported to keep them off the ground. Produce long, vigorous canes that must be supported to keep them off the ground. May grow to 20’ or more in length. May grow to 20’ or more in length.

Rose Types Hybrid Teas Hybrid Teas Most common Most common Large flowers Large flowers Floribundas Floribundas Smaller flowers, large clusters Smaller flowers, large clusters More compact growth habit More compact growth habit Hardy with less care required than HT Hardy with less care required than HT Single (4-8 petals), semidouble (12-25 petals), or double petals) Single (4-8 petals), semidouble (12-25 petals), or double petals) Grandiflora Grandiflora Large flowers, more clusters Large flowers, more clusters Abundant bloom Abundant bloom Tallest bush rose at 5-6’ Tallest bush rose at 5-6’

Rose Types, cont… Miniatures Miniatures Good for containers/small gardens Good for containers/small gardens Hardy Hardy Heritage Heritage The ‘old’ roses of the 19 th century The ‘old’ roses of the 19 th century Historical vs. horticultural significance Historical vs. horticultural significance Shrub Shrub Large, dense bushes Large, dense bushes Vigorous, hardy, disease/insect resistant Vigorous, hardy, disease/insect resistant Good screen/hedge plantings Good screen/hedge plantings

Rose Types, cont… Tree Tree Combines a bush rose on an upright trunk Combines a bush rose on an upright trunk More difficult to protect because of upper graft More difficult to protect because of upper graft

Old Garden Roses Old Garden Roses Alba Alba Ayrshire Ayrshire Bourbon… Bourbon… Boursault Boursault Centifolia Centifolia Damask Damask Hybrid Bracteata Hybrid Bracteata Hybrid China… Hybrid China… Hybrid Eglanteria Hybrid Eglanteria Hybrid Foetida Hybrid Foetida Hybrid Gallica Hybrid Gallica Hybrid Multiflora Hybrid Multiflora Hybrid Perpetual Hybrid Perpetual Hybrid Sempervirens Hybrid Sempervirens Hybrid Setigera Hybrid Setigera Hybrid Spinosissima Hybrid Spinosissima Miscellaneous OGR’s Miscellaneous OGR’s Moss… Moss… Noisette Noisette Portland Portland Tea… Tea… Modern Roses Floribunda… Grandiflora… Hybrid Kordesii Hybrid Moyesii Hybrid Musk Hybrid Rugosa Hybrid Wichuraiana Hybrid Tea… Large-Flowered Climber Miniature… Mini-Flora Polyantha Shrub Classification of Roses

Information on Rose Classes bin/class.pl?id=86b4cc12c7ih bin/class.pl?id=86b4cc12c7ih

Rose Selection 101 All plants should be free of disease and insects with canes/roots that are thick, not cracked/broken/damaged. All plants should be free of disease and insects with canes/roots that are thick, not cracked/broken/damaged. Bareroot plants should be planted immediately IF growth has begun. Bareroot plants should be planted immediately IF growth has begun. Container stock has an established root system for support. Container stock has an established root system for support.

My BEAUTIFUL Rose Bed Full sun – a MINIMUM of 6 hours a day Full sun – a MINIMUM of 6 hours a day Choose P.M. shade over A.M. Choose P.M. shade over A.M. Lots of air movement is preferred Lots of air movement is preferred Avoid competitive areas – a minimum 10’ buffer from other plant material is suggested. Avoid competitive areas – a minimum 10’ buffer from other plant material is suggested. Good drainage – depends a LOT on your soil Good drainage – depends a LOT on your soil

Time to Plant When: in the spring, as soon as weather and soils are favorable – early to mid-April when the forsythia bloom. When: in the spring, as soon as weather and soils are favorable – early to mid-April when the forsythia bloom.

How to Plant Soil Test to see what you’re working with Soil Test to see what you’re working with New beds will likely require organic matter and fertilizer New beds will likely require organic matter and fertilizer Your pH needs to be in the range Your pH needs to be in the range

Anatomy of a Rose

Planting the Bareroot Rose Preparation: Preparation: Immerse bareroot roses in lukewarm water for 24 hours prior to planting so they are properly hydrated Immerse bareroot roses in lukewarm water for 24 hours prior to planting so they are properly hydrated Don’t let the roots dry out1 Don’t let the roots dry out1 The planting hole The planting hole 18” in diameter and 14” deep 18” in diameter and 14” deep Center mound, with roots spreading Center mound, with roots spreading Be sure to remove broken/diseased roots and prune remaining roots to 8-10” Be sure to remove broken/diseased roots and prune remaining roots to 8-10” Graft union should be slightly below the final soil line (1-3”) Graft union should be slightly below the final soil line (1-3”) Add soil, water, finish adding soil, water again Add soil, water, finish adding soil, water again Build a soil mound to cover 2/3 of the canes Build a soil mound to cover 2/3 of the canes Water for 10 days until new leaves appear. Water for 10 days until new leaves appear.

Planting the Bareroot Rose, cont…

Initial Planting & Soil Mound

Planting the Container Rose No need to root prune No need to root prune Prune canes to remove weak/diseased/broken growth Prune canes to remove weak/diseased/broken growth Dig a hole 8” wider than root ball and deep enough to plant the rose so the graft union is at or slightly below the soil line Dig a hole 8” wider than root ball and deep enough to plant the rose so the graft union is at or slightly below the soil line Fill hole 2/3 full with soil, water, finish filling and water again Fill hole 2/3 full with soil, water, finish filling and water again No need to mound soil since root system is already established. No need to mound soil since root system is already established. Mulching is a good practice Mulching is a good practice

Its Planted, Its growing!! Remove soil from around bareroot plants when new growth is 1-2” long. Just don’t damage young growth! Remove soil from around bareroot plants when new growth is 1-2” long. Just don’t damage young growth! Avoid fertilization until you have new blooms (May- June) on new plants Avoid fertilization until you have new blooms (May- June) on new plants Fertilize established roses prior to bud break (spring pruning or mid-April), during first flowering (mid- June), and after flowering has declined (no later than mid-August) Fertilize established roses prior to bud break (spring pruning or mid-April), during first flowering (mid- June), and after flowering has declined (no later than mid-August) After the first cycle of blooms fade, deadhead at the first five leaf leaflet. After the first cycle of blooms fade, deadhead at the first five leaf leaflet.

The life of an established rose Fertilizer – 3x/yr. Fertilizer – 3x/yr. Winterization Winterization Spray with a fungicide Spray with a fungicide Cover with loose soil/compost to a height of 8-10” Cover with loose soil/compost to a height of 8-10” Cover soil with straw/loose hay after the first hard freeze Cover soil with straw/loose hay after the first hard freeze Tall canes should be no taller than 36” Tall canes should be no taller than 36” Finish covering and give THANKS(giving)! Finish covering and give THANKS(giving)!

Life, cont… Winter’s coming to an end – time to prune! Winter’s coming to an end – time to prune! Prune prior to new growth/after killing frost Prune prior to new growth/after killing frost 45 degree cuts ¼” above a HEALTHY bud 45 degree cuts ¼” above a HEALTHY bud USE CLEAN SHEARS! USE CLEAN SHEARS! Pruning styles Pruning styles Heavy – for well established plants & showy flowers; 3-4 canes, 6-12” tall, 3-6 eyes/cane Heavy – for well established plants & showy flowers; 3-4 canes, 6-12” tall, 3-6 eyes/cane Moderate – increases production, not large flowers; 5-6 canes, 12-18” tall, 7 buds/cane Moderate – increases production, not large flowers; 5-6 canes, 12-18” tall, 7 buds/cane Light – rejuvenation! 5-7 canes, 18” in length Light – rejuvenation! 5-7 canes, 18” in length

Life, cont… Shrub roses are the least fussy – very winter hardy with little or no mulch protection required. Shrub roses are the least fussy – very winter hardy with little or no mulch protection required. Hybrid tea roses are not as durable Hybrid tea roses are not as durable More disease prevalence More disease prevalence Shrubs and canes are not as winter hardy Shrubs and canes are not as winter hardy

Mulching

Pruning

Keep Pruning – Bush Roses Remove all dead wood to the crown OR 1” in to healthy green canes Remove all dead wood to the crown OR 1” in to healthy green canes Prune out canker Prune out canker Remove weak, spindly, or deformed growth (smaller than a pencil) Remove weak, spindly, or deformed growth (smaller than a pencil) Remove canes growing towards the center Remove canes growing towards the center Remove suckers TO THE CROWN Remove suckers TO THE CROWN Thin remaining crowns to shape/height desired Thin remaining crowns to shape/height desired

Prune Here

Keep Pruning - Climbers Once or Repeat Bloomers Once or Repeat Bloomers Once Bloomers – prune post flower retaining 4-5 of the most vigorous new canes back to four or five sets of leaves. Once Bloomers – prune post flower retaining 4-5 of the most vigorous new canes back to four or five sets of leaves. Repeat Bloomers - Prune in late winter during dormancy keeping 3-4 young and vigorous canes. Laterals should be cut back to two leaf buds per shot Repeat Bloomers - Prune in late winter during dormancy keeping 3-4 young and vigorous canes. Laterals should be cut back to two leaf buds per shot Remove old, faded flowers to promote new flushes. Remove old, faded flowers to promote new flushes.

Pruning a Climbing Rose

Pruning Bush Roses

Diseases Black Spot Black Spot Stem Canker Stem Canker Powdery Mildew Powdery Mildew

Black Spot Irregular black spots surrounded by a yellow halo. Irregular black spots surrounded by a yellow halo. Spreads quickly Spreads quickly Remove leaf litter Remove leaf litter Apply fungicide (chlorothalonil or triforine) weekly to upper and lower leaf surfaces from leaf out until autumn Apply fungicide (chlorothalonil or triforine) weekly to upper and lower leaf surfaces from leaf out until autumn

Stem Canker Small lesions on woody tissue – bark may crack. Small lesions on woody tissue – bark may crack. Prune out infected canes well below the affected area. Prune out infected canes well below the affected area. Not common if a disease program is followed Not common if a disease program is followed

Powdery Mildew Early summer/autumn during warm/humid days and cool nights Early summer/autumn during warm/humid days and cool nights Whitish gray powdery coating Whitish gray powdery coating Sanitation and fungicidal sprays are the key to control. Sanitation and fungicidal sprays are the key to control.

Rose Mosaic Virus

Disease Control Remove prunings, leaf litter, faded flowers Remove prunings, leaf litter, faded flowers Use clean mulch Use clean mulch Weed free Weed free Use clean pruning equipment Use clean pruning equipment

Spray Schedules Fungicides every 7-14 days once disease is detected. Fungicides every 7-14 days once disease is detected. Vary fungicide products if possible Vary fungicide products if possible Insecticides regularly at detection Insecticides regularly at detection Remember, mites are NOT controlled by insecticides! Remember, mites are NOT controlled by insecticides!

Myths dispelled by Miller compliments of Saline Co. Extension Agent Chip Miller

Myths dispelled by Miller Popular Belief: Roses are difficult to grow. Popular Belief: Roses are difficult to grow. Fact: Most roses do quite well on their own. People are often deadly to roses. Fact: Most roses do quite well on their own. People are often deadly to roses. Action: Find out what they like, and how they like it, and give it to them just that way. Fats Waller Action: Find out what they like, and how they like it, and give it to them just that way. Fats Waller

Myths dispelled by Miller Popular Belief: Hybrid Teas are the best roses. Popular Belief: Hybrid Teas are the best roses. Fact. They are the most familiar. Most are tall, gangly shrubs, deficient in form, but valued for their large flowers. Fact. They are the most familiar. Most are tall, gangly shrubs, deficient in form, but valued for their large flowers. Action: If you must plant hybrid teas, plant them at back of border, but use better classes of roses as landscape shrubs, “vines”, and groundcovers. Action: If you must plant hybrid teas, plant them at back of border, but use better classes of roses as landscape shrubs, “vines”, and groundcovers.

Myths dispelled by Miller Popular Belief: Roses are disease prone. Popular Belief: Roses are disease prone. Fact: It is true that many roses are sickly, but many others are tough. Fact: It is true that many roses are sickly, but many others are tough. Action: Plant only disease resistant varieties. Action: Plant only disease resistant varieties.

Myths dispelled by Miller Popular Belief: My neighbor has 20 hybrid tea roses so she knows everything about roses. Popular Belief: My neighbor has 20 hybrid tea roses so she knows everything about roses. Fact: She has 20 roses. That doesn’t necessarily make her a good information resource. Fact: She has 20 roses. That doesn’t necessarily make her a good information resource. Action: Get information from well-informed sources. Be skeptical of the value of information. Action: Get information from well-informed sources. Be skeptical of the value of information.

Myths dispelled by Miller Popular Belief: Newer is better Popular Belief: Newer is better Fact: Generally true for computers but not for roses. Over the short term, novelty sells roses better than quality. Fact: Generally true for computers but not for roses. Over the short term, novelty sells roses better than quality. Action: Educate yourself. Action: Educate yourself.

Myths dispelled by Miller Popular Belief: Roses should be planted together, separate from other plants. Popular Belief: Roses should be planted together, separate from other plants. Fact: Monoculture has its own challenges. Fact: Monoculture has its own challenges. Action: Use roses as you would any other quality ornamental plant. Action: Use roses as you would any other quality ornamental plant.

Myths dispelled by Miller Classification is confusing. Classification is confusing. Recommendation: Give up. Recommendation: Give up. If you want to devote a lot of time to study, you can develop an appreciation of the differences among the different classes, but… If you want to devote a lot of time to study, you can develop an appreciation of the differences among the different classes, but…

Roses for YOU! References: ; pictures by Janice Lee, Trevor Inkpen, Paul Harrett, Katie Sullivan, Baldo Vilegas, Jan Hodges, David & Crenagh Ellion, Roseraie at Bay fields “Rose Care” – Johnson County Extension Master Gardeners

Abraham Darby Pink Blend Shrub

Child’s Play Miniature Pink Blend

Carefree Wonder Pink Blend Shrub

Carefree Beauty Shrub Medium Pink

Chrysler Imperial Hybrid Tea Red Fragrance choice Midmorning when sun has just reached the garden; blooms ¼-2/3 open

Dortmund Hybrid Kordesii Red

Double Delight Hybrid Tea Red blend Fragrance Choice

Electron Deep Pink Hybrid Tea

Europeana Floribunda Dark Red

First Prize Hybrid Tea Pink Blend

Giggles Miniature Medium Pink

Gold Medal Grandiflora Medium Yellow

Heritage Shrub Light Pink

Honey Perfume Floribunda Apricot Yellow

Knock Out Shrub Shrub Red Blend Red Blend 2006 Pride of Kansas Plant of the Year 2006 Pride of Kansas Plant of the Year

2006 Pride of Kansas Plant Knock Out Rose Knock Out Rose 3’ shrub rose with a LOT of single red flowers 3’ shrub rose with a LOT of single red flowers Non-stop bloom, spring to fall! Non-stop bloom, spring to fall! No deadheading No deadheading Drought tolerant Drought tolerant Disease resistant Disease resistant Hardy Hardy Foliage turns from mossy green to purplish Foliage turns from mossy green to purplish Monthly feedings will keep flowers large and abundant. Monthly feedings will keep flowers large and abundant.

Linville Miniature White

Livin’ Easy Floribunda Orange Blend

Minnie Pearl Miniature Pink Blend

Mister Lincoln Climber Dark Red Fragrance Choice

Nearly Wild Floribunda Medium Pink

New Dawn Climber Light Pink

Peace Hybrid Tea Yellow Blend

Pink Peace Hybrid Tea Medium Pink

Pristine Hybrid Tea White

Queen Elizabeth Grandiflora Grandiflora Medium Pink Medium Pink

Rio Samba Hybrid Tea Yellow Blend

Scentimental Floribunda Red Blend

Secret Hybrid Tea Pink Blend

Sexy Rexy Floribunda Medium Pink

Sunsprite Floribunda Deep Yellow

No really, a rose for YOU!

In Planters

Roses only garden

IMPORTANT Pick Pick the right rose the right site Amend Amend the soil Plant Plant properly Water Water only when needed If If it gets a disease, won’t bloom, or disappoints in any other manner…kill it

Questions? Thank You!