Done By: Eugene Pang Jeremy Ee Benji Goh Lee Chong Hon

“Corporal Punishment is the disciplining of the body while Rehabilitation is the disciplining of the soul” -French philosopher Michel Foucault

Process Of Rehabilitation  Drug/Alcohol Rehabilitation  A supportive approach to treat drug addiction with the guidance of experts and peers.  Starts with Detoxification (the process of removing any alcohol or drugs from the body)  Most patients check in and live at a drug rehab facility exclusively for a period of time.  Participate in an intensive counseling and therapy intended to arrest the progress of drug addiction.  Learns to apply recovery tools, studies relapse prevention and identifies relapse triggers,

Process Of Rehabilitation  Prison Rehabilitation  Techniques Vary For different Crimes and severity.  Educational and vocational training (learn a skill)  Psychological rehabilitation (to deal with problems the offender experiences, thus eliminating them)  Out of prison - Resettlement Programmes. Procation Service or other agencies will provide these to ease transition of criminals into society eg. Finding jobs

Why are the rearrest rates so high?  Criminals usually have a poor education.  Jobs, after release, are hard to find and usually low paying.  Criminals associate with the society that bred the criminal activity in the first place.  Since they have no base of support from which to rise above their situation and so return to a life of crime.  Hence the need for REHABILITATION

Examples Of Successful Rehabilitation – Victoria Twiddy  Victoria Twiddy was 17 when she was first convicted for shoplifting.  The community sentence she received was the prelude to her life of crime.  During the next decade she was arrested more than 20 times, amassing 11 convictions, five for theft, three for assault, two each for criminal damage and breaching a court order and was also a drug abuser.

Victoria Twiddy(2)  She underwent a strict rehabilitation program that included support to wean her off drugs, improve her education, secure a home and smooth her financial quandaries.  Now 29, she has not been arrested since July 2009, the longest period of her adult life without contact with the law.

Examples Of Successful Rehabilitation – Richard Peters  In 1974, he enlisted for National Service where he mixed with the wrong company and drug taking landed him in detention.  When released in 1977, he returned to drug takings, and led a life of crime to support his habit  Was in and out of prison for a period of time; longest sentence was eight years and sixteen strokes of the cane for robbery.

Richard Peters(2)  In prison, he was recommended to The Helping Hand, which was an organisation set up by an ex-addict, Robert Yeo, to help drug abusers who were determined to change their lives.  After receiving six months of counselling, where he was introduced to Christianity, and helped him to realise and reflect on his past wrongdoings, he managed to quit.

Richard Peters (3)  Now, he is a devout Christian, and is now the outreach coordinator at The Helping Hand organisation, where he now helps others in their rehabilitation process just like how he had received help.  The care and concern showed by counsellors, who spent a lot of time with him talking to him about Christianity and how he could turn his life around, helped him to kick his habit. Also, the fact that the organisation also offered him a job gave him a chance to be a part of society once again, and made him less likely to return to his old habits.

Examples Of Successful Rehabilitation – Jon Venables and Robert Thompson  Killed a two year old boy, James Bulger  Both were 10 years old at the time.  Sentenced to be detained for murder in1993, they were the youngest people convicted of murder in English criminal history.  The trial judge recommended a minimum term of eight years.

Jon Venables and Robert Thompson (2)  In 2001, at the age of 18, both had gone through a comprehensive programme of psychotherapy, education and consistent, strict discipline.  They were equipped with A-levels and an ability to speak fluently about emotions and remorse.  Hence, they were declared to be safe and were freed and given new identities.

Drug Rehab - Why Ineffective?  Group therapy programs at rehab clinics are overpopulated and understaffed  Disallows addicted individuals from receiving the depth of healing they deserve for recovery.  Lack of individualized care and targeted therapy lead to chronic relapse, mental breakdowns, and physical complications as drug use endures

Examples Of Ineffective Rehabilitation  Arthur J. Bomar, Jr.  In 1990, Arthur J. Bomar, Jr. was released from prison in Nevada on parole in 1990, after having served 11 years of a murder sentence for killing a man over an argument about a parking space.  Six years later in Pennsylvania, Bomar brutally kidnapped, raped and murdered George Mason University star athlete Aimee Willard.  This time, he was not given another chance to rehabilitate. In October 1998, he was sentenced to death.

Examples Of Ineffective Rehabilitation  Arthur Shawcross  American serial killer  He claimed most of his victims of his killing spree after being paroled early following a conviction in the manslaughter of two children.  Released in April 1987 after serving a 25 year sentence for his crime.

Examples Of Ineffective Rehabilitation  Arthur Shawcross (2)  In March 1988, a year later, Shawcross began murdering again, this time targeting prostitutes and murdering them in Monroe County.  He murdered more than 10 prostitutes.  Now serving ten consecutive sentences of 25 years to life years in all, after pleading not guilty by reason of insanity. (He has since passed away in jail)

Examples Of Ineffective Rehabilitation  Actress Lindsay Lohan,  At the age of 25, has been in and out of rehab multiple times for drug and alcohol abuse.  Yet she continues to be photographed emerging from nightclubs in a state of falling-down drunkenness.  A career that was once promising and now is all but dead, a jail term, and multiple legal problems, including shoplifting, haven’t made much of a difference in her behavior.

Examples Of Ineffective Rehabilitation  Lindsay Lohan (2)  A career that was once promising and now is all but dead  After a jail term,multiple legal problems, including shoplifting, and rehab sessions haven’t made much of a difference in her behavior.

Examples Of Ineffective Rehabilitation  Amy Winehouse  Died at age 27  Went through years of extreme drug and alcohol use  At least one hospitalization for overdose  Had a disastrous concert performance, during which she was so incoherent she had to stop and cancel the rest of the show.  Several failed attempts at rehab a disastrous concert performance, during which she was so incoherent she had to stop and cancel the rest of the show.

Examples Of Ineffective Rehabilitation  Amy Winehouse (2)  Several failed attempts at rehab  Did not help her get rid of her drug and alcohol addiction.

Statistics Of Rehab, Effective or Not?  Recidivism – Defined as the percentage of local inmates who are released and subsequently detained or convicted and imprisoned again for a new offence within 2 years of their release.  (Singapore Prisons Website)

Statistics Of Rehab, Effective or Not?  Singapore Recidivism Rates  2006 – 25.1%  2007 – 26.5%  2008 – 27.3%

However…  Recidivism Rate in 1998 – 44.4%!  Compared to 2008 – 27.3%  Hence concluding Rehab is Effective!