IN THE NAME OF GOD Motor Control and Neuromuscular Problems Elham Torkashvand MohammadReza Behradmehr Dr.Arshi Spring Behnam Kazempour

ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement Definition Motor control Central nervous system musculoskeletal 2 ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement Definition

The problem of motor control  Information processing  Coordination  Mechanics  Physics  cognition 3

Areas of study related to motor control  Motor coordination  Motor learning  Signal processing 4

Any disorder that compromises the synaptic transmission between a motor neuron and muscle cell is categorized under the umbrella term of neuromuscular diseases. 5

Causes  Circulatory problems  immunological and autoimmune disorders  The failure of the electrical insulation surrounding nerves myelin  Genetic/hereditary  The failure of the connections between the nerves and the muscle fiber  Certain rare tumors  Exposure to pernicious environmental chemicals  poisoning 6

Symptoms  Muscular weakness  Rigidity  Loss of muscular control  Twitching  Muscle pain 7

Diagnose  Clinical observations(atrophy or loss of muscle volume)  testing the levels of various chemicals and antigens in the blood  Electromyography  Diagnostic imaging 8

Classification of motor unit disorders 9

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11 Symptom

Rehabilitation  Speech /occupational/physical therapy as rehabilitation method 12

Treatment in the current paradigm  They are struggling to maintain independence  Their families are strained due to roles as caregivers 13

Primary Assessment Areas:  Activities of Daily Living (ADL)  Upper limb strength and range of motion  Coordination  Vision  Writing 14

Secondary Assessment Areas:  Fatigue  Sleep  Cognition  Depression  Quality of Life 15

Challenges in Self Care  ADLs take increased time  On and off times affect performance  Safety is compromised  Decreased desire or motivation to complete ADLs 16

Treatment:feeding  Weighted and built up utensils  Scoop plates  Rocker knives  Adaptive strategies 17

Treatment: Grooming  Electric toothbrush or razor  Wash mitt or soap on a rope  Adaptive strategies 18

Treatment Ideas:Computer work  Adapted keyboards and mouse  Hands free software  One handed typing  Seating and positioning 19

treatment:walking  Straight cane  Rolling walker  Treadmill training  Improvements in gait speed,step leng and balance  Safety harness 20

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conclusion  Simplify treatment  Maximum change with minimal cognitive effort  Repetitive activities  Focus on increasing functional communication 22

23 Orthopedic Rehablitiation,Assessment,and Enablement John Leong and Jesse Jupiter Refrences

24 Thanks for attention