Chapter 9 Stoichiometry
CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry Introduction to Stoichiometry Applications of Stoichiometry Reaction-Stoichiometry Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Mole-Mole Calculations Mole-Mass Calculations Mass-Mole Calculations Mass-Mass Calculations Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield Limiting Reactants Percent Yield
CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry Introduction to Stoichiometry Applications of Stoichiometry Reaction-Stoichiometry Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Mole-Mole Calculations Mole-Mass Calculations Mass-Mole Calculations Mass-Mass Calculations Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield Limiting Reactants Percent Yield
CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry The branch of chemistry that deals with the mass relationships of elements in compounds and the mass relationships between reactants and products in a reaction is called Stoichiometry. Reaction Stoichiometry involves the mass relationships among reactants and products in a chemical reaction. Composition Stoichiometry involves the mass relationships of elements in compounds. N2O5
Applications of Stoichiometry CHEMICAL BONDING Applications of Stoichiometry Chemical Industry Pharmacology Pharmacy
Reaction Stoichiometry Problems CHEMICAL BONDING Reactants Products P4 (s) + 6 Cl2 (g) 4 PCl3 (s) 1 molecule 6 molecules 4 molecules 1 mole 6.00 moles 4.00 moles 124 g 425 g 549 g (= 124 g + 425g)
CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry Introduction to Stoichiometry Applications of Stoichiometry Reaction-Stoichiometry Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Mole-Mole Calculations Mole-Mass Calculations Mass-Mole Calculations Mass-Mass Calculations Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield Limiting Reactants Percent Yield
CHEMICAL BONDING Mole-Mass Problems A B Moles A Moles B Mass B (grams)
Mass-Mole Problems CHEMICAL BONDING A B Mass A (grams) Moles A Moles B
CHEMICAL BONDING Mass-Mass Problems A B Mass A (grams) Moles A Moles B Mass B (grams)
Molar mass is the mass, in grams, of one mole of substance CHEMICAL BONDING Molar mass is the mass, in grams, of one mole of substance 2 Al2O3 (l) 4 Al (s) + 3O2 (g) 102 g Al2O3 1 mol Al2O3 27.0 g Al 1 mol Al 1 mole Al 1 mol O2 32.0 g O2 OR
substances involved in a chemical reaction CHEMICAL BONDING Mole Ratio Mole ratio is a conversion factor that relates the number of moles of any two substances involved in a chemical reaction 2 mol Al2O3 4 mol Al OR 2 Al2O3 (l) 4 Al (s) + 3O2 (g) 3 mol O2
Reaction Stoichiometry Problems CHEMICAL BONDING Reaction Stoichiometry Problems Mass A (grams) Moles A Moles B Mole Ratio X x 1 molar mass of A Moles B Mass B (grams) molar mass of B x
Mole-Mole Problems CHEMICAL BONDING A B Moles A Moles B
CHEMICAL BONDING Stoichiometry Introduction to Stoichiometry Applications of Stoichiometry Reaction-Stoichiometry Ideal Stoichiometric Calculations Mole-Mole Calculations Mole-Mass Calculations Mass-Mole Calculations Mass-Mass Calculations Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield Limiting Reactants Percent Yield
Limiting Reactants 3 Groups of Reactants 3 hamburger patties 6 hamburger buns 3 hamburger patties 12 slices of cheese
Limiting Reactants Extra Reagents Products 3 hamburger buns 6 slices of cheese
CHEMICAL BONDING Percent Yield Actual Yield Percent Yield = X 100 Theoretical Yield: is the maxi- mum amount that can be produced from a given amount of reactants. Actual Yield: is the measured amount of a product obtained from a reaction. Percent Yield = X 100 Actual Yield Theoretical Yield
SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY
Solution Concentration 6 M HCl 12 M H2SO4 3 M HNO3 1 M NaOH What is M means ???????
Molarity is a way to represent the concentration of solutions Moles of Solute Volume of Solution Molarity = M = moles / Liter
Concentration of Ions Ionic compounds break into ions in the aqueous solution NaCl Na+ Cl- 6 M 6 M 6 M K2CO3 2 K+ CO32- 6 M 2 x 6 M 6 M Al2(SO4)3 2 Al3+ 3 SO42- 6 M 2 x 6 M 3 x 6 M
Extensive use in Laboratory Molarity by Dilution Extensive use in Laboratory We have 12M HCl solution, we need to make 500 mL of 3 M HCl solution. How do we make it????? M1 . V1 = M2 . V2 12M . V1 = 3 M . 500 mL V1 = 125 mL