EDT Foundation Plan Design1 Weekend Cabin Retreat Project Foundations Sacramento City College EDT 300

2EDT Foundation Plan Design Objectives u Identify the primary features included in a foundation plan. u Discuss the difference between a foundation plan and a basement plan. u Design and draw a foundation plan for a typical residential structure.

3EDT Foundation Plan Design The Foundation Plan u The foundation plan is a plan view drawing in section showing the location and size of: u footings u piers u columns u foundation walls u supporting beams. u It is usually drawn after the floor plan and elevations have been roughed out.

4EDT Foundation Plan Design The Foundation Plan u A foundation plan ordinarily includes the following. u Footings for foundation walls, piers, and columns (hidden lines) u Foundation walls. u Piers and columns. u Dwarf walls (low walls built to retain an excavation or embankment). u Partial walls, doors, and bath fixtures if the house has a basement.

5EDT Foundation Plan Design Foundation Walls u Foundation walls are of four basic types: u T-foundation u slab foundation u pier or post foundation u permanent wood foundation

6EDT Foundation Plan Design Foundation Types

7EDT Foundation Plan Design Foundation Types

8EDT Foundation Plan Design Foundation Walls u The type chosen for a particular situation will depend upon u the weight to be supported u load bearing capacity of the soil u location of the foundation in the building u climate u local codes u preferred building practice. u All should be considered when designing a foundation.

9EDT Foundation Plan Design T-Foundations u Most common foundation type u Looks like an inverted T. u The foundation and footing are usually two separate parts but may be cast as a single unit.

10EDT Foundation Plan Design Slab Foundations u slab floor. u It is placed at the same time the floor is cast and is not a separate unit. u It is sometimes called a thickened edge slab.

11EDT Foundation Plan Design Slab Foundations u The foundation wall should extend down below the frost line, as in the case of the T-foundation. u Use of steel reinforcing bars or mesh is recommended for the slab foundation to prevent cracking due to settling.

12EDT Foundation Plan Design Slab Foundations u Some of the primary advantages of the slab foundation u requires less time, expense, and labor to construct. u no separate footing is required, excavation is not as extensive as for the T-foundation. u Less time is required since the entire foundation and floor is placed in one operation.

EDT Foundation Plan Design13 Pier and Post Foundations

14EDT Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations u Some of the primary advantages of the slab foundation u requires less time, expense, and labor to construct. u no separate footing is required, excavation is not as extensive as for the T-foundation. u Less time is required since the entire foundation and floor is placed in one operation.

15EDT Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations u Many situations in residential construction lend themselves to the use of piers, columns and posts. u Cheaper and just as satisfactory to use piers rather than the T- foundation under parts of the building. u Example: a crawl space is planned and the distance is too great for a single span, the pier foundation is a logical choice,

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17EDT Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations

18EDT Foundation Plan Design Pier and Post Foundations

19EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 1. Select the scale. u Residential structures are usually drawn to 1/4" = 1 '-0" scale.

20EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 2. Locate the outline of the foundation walls on the paper allowing ample space for dimensions, notes, and title block. u Use the floor plan as an underlay or draw the foundation plan from dimensions obtained from the floor plan.

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23EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 3. Draw the foundation walls, piers and columns, and the foundation for a chimney (fireplace).

24EDT Foundation Plan Design Footing Shapes u Footings increase the supporting capacity of the foundation wall by spreading the load over a larger area.

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26EDT Foundation Plan Design Footing Shapes u Foundation walls should be centered along the footing. u The footing will project beyond each side of the foundation wall a distance equal to one-half the thickness of the foundation wall. u If the soil load bearing capacity is very poor, the size of footings should be increased and reinforced with steel.

27EDT Foundation Plan Design Footing Shapes u The footings must be large enough to minimize the effects of: u settlement of the structure. u unequal compressibility of the soil. u to reduce cracking. u The weight of most homes is greater on two of the four walls which causes unequal loading.

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29EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 4. Indicate breaks in the foundation wall for windows, doors, access holes, and vents. u 5. Lay out and draw the footings for the foundation walls. u Use a hidden line symbol to show the edge of the footing.

30EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 6. Draw the footings to be used for the piers and columns. u 7. Draw the footings for the fireplace and chimney. u 8. Locate the supporting beam if one is required. Draw the beam using a thick center line symbol.

31EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 9. Show the size, spacing, and direction of floor joists or trusses using the standard symbol.

32EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 10. Identify the location of sections needed to provide additional information. u 11. Draw the necessary sections and dimension them as shown in Fig

33EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 12. Determine the location of dimensions needed to show the size of all aspects of the foundation. u The length and thickness of all foundation wall segments must be dimensioned. u Piers are dimensioned to the center rather than to the edge. u 13. Draw the dimension lines and add the required dimensions.

34EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 14. Letter any necessary notes. u 15. Shade the foundation wall drawings with proper symbols.

35EDT Foundation Plan Design Drawing A Foundation Plan u 16. Add the title block, scale, and name of drawing in the proper location. u 17. Check drawing to be sure you have included all necessary information.

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