CITING SOURCES MLA STYLE

Why Cite Sources? 4 To avoid plagiarism 4 To credit the source with the original idea or information 4 To lend credibility and authority to a thesis 4 To back up ideas with credible illustrations, known facts, and accepted statistics

Plagiarism 4 Plagiarism is a crime – it is the the theft of someone’s else’s words, ideas, or research. 4 If you commit plagiarism, you can fail a course, be expelled from college, lose your job. 4 The easiest route to plagiarism today is cutting and pasting from the internet.

Avoid Plagiarism 4 Introduce any material you have borrowed from another source with a signal phrase that mentions the author (or if there is no author, the title ) of the source. 4 Put in quotation marks, any phrase or sentence(s) you have borrowed from the source. 4 If the quotation is longer than 3 lines, indent the quoted words. 4 ANY PHRASES OR SENTENCES QUOTED EXACTLY AND NOT IN QUOTATION MARKS OR INDENTED ARE PLAGIARIZED.

THERE IS -0- TOLERANCE FOR PLAGIARISM IN THIS COURSE You will Fail

Help is Here 4 If you are confused about what plagiarism is or how to cite sources, please make an appointment with me to clarify any issues you might have. 4 If this is a last minute issue, me, and I will try to respond promptly.

Internal Documentation Citing Sources in the Text of an Essay

What Needs To Be Cited? 4 Quotations 4 Paraphrased ideas 4 Summarized information 4 Facts 4 Statistics 4 Studies 4 When in doubt, acknowledge the source of the information

Ways To Cite Sources Include: 4 Quotation 4 Paraphrase 4 Summary

Parenthetical Citation 4 The parenthetical citation must match the first word of the Works Cited citation -- usually the author’s last name -- and must include the page number of the quote, if taken from a paginated text: (Bragg 123). Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country Music and Pigs.” Rpt. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, Print.

Quotation 4 In a quotation, the exact words of the source are quoted in quotation marks. Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes 4 Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase: Rick Bragg quotes pig farmer, Paul Thompson: In his article about the new Florida meeting the old Florida, Rick Bragg quotes pig farmer, Paul Thompson, “‘Now who,’” Mr. Thompson said, ‘would choose to build a golf course next to a pig farm? Didn’t they read the sign? It says pig farm, not rose garden’” (Bragg 123).

Quotation 4 Long quotes, quotes over 3 lines, should be indented and do not include quotation marks: According to Rick Bragg: Lawyers for the club have said that Mr. Thompson and the neighbor who also raises music-accented pork, Tom Rossano, want the club to buy their properties at an inflated price, to gain peace and quiet. (Bragg 124)

Lines from a Poem 4 When quoting lines from a poem, it is important to indicate the lineation of the poem. 4 Lines quoted in text, indicate line breaks with slashes: “Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, /And sorry I could not travel both ….” (Frost 1-2) 4 The parenthetical citation includes the poet’s name and line numbers.

Lines from a poem 4 Indent quotes over two lines: The voice in Robert Frost’s “The Road Not Taken” faces a dilemma: Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, And sorry I could not travel both And be one traveler, long I stood And looked down one as far as I could To where it bent in the undergrowth; (1-5)

Paraphrase 4 In a paraphrase the writer restates what the author has said in his/her own words. A paraphrase is also introduced with a signal phrase, and the source of the information must be cited: Bragg tells us that the country club has sued Mr. Thompson, not because of the smell, but because of the distraction caused by the country music (Bragg 123).

Summary 4 In a summary, the writer states in an abbreviated form the idea that the original author has expressed. A summary is also introduced with a signal phrase, and source information must be cited: Rick Bragg describes a scene in Pt. St. Lucie where an old established pig farm wafts its manure-laden fragrance mixed with country music over to its next-door-neighbor, the manicured Florida Club golf course (Bragg 123).

Remember... 4 All information borrowed from another source must be acknowledged with a parenthetical citation 4 Introduce borrowed information with a signal phrase: Ù According to Alice Ames,... Ù John Smith says…. Ù Samuel Jones tells us… Ù In a study by Dr. Elizabeth Owens,...

Remember... 4 The parenthetical citation must match the first word of the Works Cited citation, usually the author’s last name, and include a page reference. 4 Quotes repeat the author’s exact words. 4 Paraphrases restate the author’s words in the writer’s own words. 4 Summaries abbreviate the author’s words.

Bibliographies and Works Cited Lists

What’s the Difference? 4 A Bibliography lists all the sources consulted in research for a specific essay. ÙA Preliminary Bibliography or Working Bibliography lists all the sources the writer thinks s/he will be using in the essay 4 A Works Cited lists all the works actually cited in the text of the essay. 4 Both a Bibliography and Works Cited list are formatted in the same way.

Overall Format 4 The title -- Bibliography or Works Cited -- is centered at the top of the page. It is not underlined, italicized or quoted. It should be the same font size as the rest of the citations. 4 The citation list is double-spaced throughout. 4 The citation list is alphabetized. 4 If there is no author, the citation begins with the title of the work – quoted if an article or poem, italicized if a book. 4 The first line of each citation is at the margin; subsequent lines should be indented about ten spaces.

Sample Citations: MLA FORMAT

A Book Bragg, Rick. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, Print. author title of book subtitle of book city of publication publisher year of publication medium

Chapter in a Book Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country Music and Pigs.” Rpt. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, Print. author title of chapter original publication date reprint city publisher year of publication medium inclusive chapter pages title of book subtitle of book

Article in a Multi-Volume Reference Work Larkin, Joan. "Frontiers of Language: Three Poets." Exc. in "Audre Lord.” Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 18. Ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, Print. author title of work original date volume editor city publisher year of publication medium inclusive pages of work excerpted title of article title of reference work

Article in a Journal Maxwell, Bill. “Angry Young Man.” Forum: The Magazine of the Florida Humanities Council. XXII.2 (Summer 1999): Print. author title of article name of journal volume number date inclusive pages of article medium

Article in a Journal found in an Online Database author title of article name of journal Eder, Richard, "The Greatest Woman Poet Since Sappho." Los Angeles Times Book Review 18 Mar Galenet: Literature Resource Center. Web.10 Jan date pages publisher database medium date accessed

Article found on an Internet Site author title of webpage date posted name of website Lu Yanguang. "Madame Li." Asia Pac: 100 Celebrated Chinese Women. Trans. Kate Foster. Web. 10 Feb translator medium date accessed URL: web address

Article in an Online Encyclopedia “Clarice Lispector.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 22 Dec Web. 15 Mar General encyclopedias like Wikipedia are NOT considered scholarly sources for academic writing. title of article name of encyclopedia publisher date last revised media date accessed

Work in an Anthology Whitman, Walt. “Osceola.” Florida in Poetry:. A History of the Imagination. Eds. Jane Anderson author title of work title of book original publication date publisher year of publication medium inclusive pages of work subtitle of book editors Jones and Maurice O’Sullivan. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Print. city

Work in an Anthology Whitman, Walt. “O Captain! My Captain!” Poems*Poets* Poetry: An Introduction and author title of work original publication date publisher year of publication medium page of work title of book subtitle of book Anthology. 2 nd ed. Ed. Helen Vendler. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, Print. edition editor city

Poems from Online Sources McKay, Claude. “Spring in New Hampshire.” Columbia Granger's World of Poetry Online Columbia University Press. Web. 22 May Rich, Adrienne. “Diving Into the Wreck.” Poet’s.Org American Academy of Poets. Web. 22 May 2008.

Work in a Norton Anthology Scott, Sir Walter. "Proud Maisie.“ The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, et. al. 6 vols. New York: W.W. Norton, D: 410. Print. author title of work original publication date title of anthology edition editors # of volumes city publisher year vol. page medium

Introduction in a Norton Anthology Stillinger, Jack, and Deidre Shauna Lynch. “Sir Walter Scott ” The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. Eds. Stephen Greenblatt, et. al. 6 vols. D: The Romantic Period. New York: W.W. Norton, year pages medium Print. authors title of work title of anthology editors # of volumes volume title of volume city publisher edition

Theatrical Program Notes Rucker, Mark. “Director’s Notes: Murderers by Jeffrey Hatcher.” Asolo Repertory Theatre. Sarasota, FL Season Program. 50. Print. author title of article play playwright theatre location date page medium

Recorded Films or Movies Beloved. Dir. Jonathan Demme. Perf. Oprah Winfrey, Danny Glover, Thandi Newton, distributor release date medium Kimberly Elise. Touchstone DVD. title of film director performers

Bios from Online Sources “ Adrienne Rich.” Poet’s Org Academy of American Poets. Web. 22 May “Claude McKay (1889–1948)”. Columbia Granger's World of Poetry Online Columbia University Press. Web. 22 May 2008.

Bibliography Bragg, Rick. “Country Club Meets the Enemy: Country Music and Pigs.” Rpt. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, Print. ______. Somebody Told Me: The Newspaper Stories of Rick Bragg. Tuscaloosa: U of Alabama P, Print. Eder, Richard, "The Greatest Woman Poet Since Sappho." Los Angeles Times Book Review 18 Mar Galenet: Literature Resource Center. Web. 10 Jan

Larkin, Joan. "Frontiers of Language: Three Poets." Exc. in "Audre Lord.” Contemporary Literary Criticism. Vol. 18. Ed. Sharon R. Gunton. Detroit: Gale Research, Print. Lu Yanguang. "Madame Li." Asia Pac: 100 Celebrated Chinese Women. Trans. Kate Foster. Web. 10 Feb Maxwell, Bill. “Angry Young Man.” Forum: The Magazine of the Florida Humanities Council. XXII.2 (Summer 1999): Print.

Whitman, Walt. “Osceola.” Florida in Poetry: A History of the Imagination. Eds. Jane Anderson Jones and Maurice O’Sullivan. Sarasota: Pineapple Press, Print.

REMEMBER… 4 The title -- Bibliography or Works Cited -- is centered at the top of the page. It is not underlined, italicized or quoted. It should be the same font size as the rest of the citations. 4 The citation list is double-spaced throughout. 4 The citation list is alphabetized. 4 If there is no author, the citation begins with the title of the work – quoted if an article or poem, italicized if a book. 4 The first line of each citation is at the margin; subsequent lines should be indented about ten spaces.

For Further Information 4 MLA Online: 4 MLA 2009 Formatting and Style Guide from the Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL): Jane Anderson Jones’ Tools for Writing and Research: State College of Florida’s Writing and Citing Help: (see especially “Citing Unusual Sources”)