Phonics, Reading and Writing Instructions 盧貞穎 教育部國教司 中央課程與教學輔導諮詢教師 MOE Curriculum and Instruction Consulting Team

Phonics Matters  Teacher’s concepts and motivation  Learner’s concepts and motivation  Phonics knowledge  Phonics instructions / strategies  Textbook

Phonics Matters  Supplementary materials  Teaching aids  Time limit  Assignment  Assessment

How does phonics help EFL learners? Reading (decoding and comprehension) Spelling (spelling and memorizing English words) Pronunciation

Phonics Related Ability  Reading with phonics: letter letter-sound correspondence blending  Related ability: 1. Letter knowledge (pre-phonics level) 2. Letter-sound correspondence 3. Phonological awareness

Pre-phonics Level Instruction Letter name & letter form letter sound (Mostly consonants & short vowels)

Phonics Instruction 2. Constructive 1. Traditional a. Analytic / indirect / implicit method b. Synthetic / direct / explicit method 2. Constructive a. Spell based making words word study: picture sort & word sort b. Compare/contrast and analogy: eat, neat, meat

Letter Knowledge Instruction Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition Letter Sounds --  Phonemic awareness --  Phonics Meaningful Association --  Word recognition →  Chant & Song →  Reading

Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition Introducing capital letters and small letters  Focus on pronunciation /i/: b, c, d, e, g, p, t, v, z //: f, l, m, n, s, x /e/: a, h, j, k /ai/: i, y /u/: q, u, w o and r

Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition 2. Four Skill Activities:  Listening:  Point to (letters on the board)  Show Me (using cards)  Speaking:  Speed Reading (class/group/pair)  Poker Game

Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition 2. Four Skill Activities:  Reading:  Ordering Game (using cards, time keeping)  Pair up (using cards, time keeping)  Memory Game (using cards)

Letter Names & Letter Forms -- Alphabet recognition 2. Four Skill Activities:  Writing instruction:  Format (notebook & lines) 頂天立地  Say and Write (in class practice)

Confusable Letter Pairs b, d, looking at me p, q, point to my shoes

Letter Sounds -- Phonemic awareness Introducing letter sounds  Cat & Dog  Avoid too much information and confusion: * a, a, a, /æ/, /æ/, /æ/. A, a, apple.  a, /æ/, apple.  Focus on pronunciation a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z

Letter Sounds -- Phonemic awareness 2. Phonemic awareness training  Listen for the beginning sound: apple, ball, cat, dog, egg, fox…

Letter Sounds -- Phonics skill 3. Phonics skill training: Manipulating the sound  Making words

Making words for EFL Beginners Use short vowels and consonants Begin with two-letter words Make CVC words Sequential consideration C, V → V C → C V C (Ex) c, a, t → a t → c a t End up with meaningful reading or ask students to make sentences with the words

CVC Words for Beginners abc cab abedef bed dad abcdefgh bag abcdefghijk big fig kid Jack abcdefghijklmn man leg can abcdefghijklmnop mop cap pig abcdefghijklmnopqr red abcdefghijklmnopqrst bat hat rat abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvw sun van wig abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz six yo-yo zebra

Sample Lessons of Making words, Word Sorting and Reading Letters: a i b c f g n t Make: in at cat fat bat bag big Sort for: in at ag ig Reading: I see a cat. I see a fat cat. I see a bag. I see a big bag. I see a fat cat in a big bag.

Meaningful Association  Word recognition  holistic way (apple, ball, elephant, umbrella)  phonics way (bat, cat, hat / book, cook, look) 2.  Alphabet/phonics Chants & Songs  finger-point reading  pronunciation  stress & rhythm 3.  Reading

Phonics Chants -at, -at! c, -at, cat! I see a cat. Letter sound chant -at, -at! c, -at, cat! I see a cat. -at,- at! b, -at, bat! I see a bat. -at,- at! h,- at, hat! I see a hat.

Phonics Chants Letter sound chant Show me, show me, show me a box. Here you are. x2 Ox, ox, in the box! Fox, fox, in the box!

Phonics Songs Phonic Song A http://www.kiddyhouse.com/Songs/alpha/a.html Phonic Song A Ants on the apple a, a, a Ants on the apple a, a, a Ants on the apple a, a, a "a" is the sound of "A"

Handmade books Big books Small books

Phonics Readers wordsandpictures/longvow/poems/fpoem.shtml BBC Bitesize Literacy http://www.bbc.co.uk/cgi-bin/education/betsie/parser.pl/0005/www.bbc.co.uk/schools/

Phonics and RT R1 & R2: Cat, cat , cat. R1: A cat. R2: A fat cat. R3 & R4: I see a fat cat. R3 & R4: Hat, hat, hat. R3: A hat. R4: A big hat. R1 & R2: I see a big hat. All: Look, the fat cat is in the big hat!

Phonics Tongue Twisters Fuzzy Wuzz http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/fuzzywuzzy/load.htm?f Fuzzy Wuzzy was a bear. Fuzzy Wuzzy had no hair. Fuzzy Wuzzy wasn’t very fuzzy, was he?

Phonics Tongue Twisters Peter Piper http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/peterpiper/load.htm?f Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers; A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked; If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

Phonics Tongue Twisters Seashells http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/shellysells/load.htm?f http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/Shesells.shtml She sells sea shells by the sea shore. And the shells she sells are surely sea shells. Since she sells shells by the sea shore, I'm sure the shells she sells are seashore shells.

Phonics Tongue Twisters Woodchuck http://www.starfall.com/n/twisters/woodchuck/load.htm?f http://www.enchantedlearning.com/rhymes/Woodchuck.shtml How much wood would a woodchuck chuck, if a woodchuck could chuck wood? He would chuck as much wood as a woodchuck could, if a woodchuck could chuck wood.

http://www. enchantedlearning. com/ http://www. starfall http://www.enchantedlearning.com/ http://www.starfall.com/n/level-b/index/load.htm?f http://www.kizclub.com/

1. Constant Continuous Instruction Effective Phonics Instruction

Effective Phonics Instruction 2. Incorporating phonics in vocabulary instruction SEE, HEAR, SAY and WRITE the words ---- Using multi-sensory instruction Finger-pointing reading Letter- sound correspondence in reading and writing --- Say and write

Example 1 A Bag She is Pat. cat a ag bag bag She has a cat. Pat Rabbit sad a ag bag bag a at cat cat a at Pat Pat a ra bbit rabbit a ad sad sad She is Pat. She has a cat.

Example 2 a_e brave This is Dave. Dave a_e ave brave brave He is brave. Dave cake name race a_e ave brave brave a_e ave Dave Dave a_e ake cake cake a_e ame name name a_e ace race race This is Dave. He is brave.

Effective Phonics Instruction 3. Blending a, t  at h, -at  hat bas, -ket basket basket, -ball  basketball

Effective Phonics Instruction 4. Segmentation Onset and rime: c/at, n/ice Syllable segmentation: to-day; mon-key Spelling patterns: -ight  fight, light, might, night, right, sight, tight Compound word: book/store, free/way, sea/food, side/walk school/bag, bed/time, door/bell, ….

Effective Phonics Instruction 5. Induction: father, mother, brother  ther Deduction: ar  car, card, park, smart

Effective Phonics Instruction 6. Meaningful reading: words, phrases, sentences, rhymes, songs and chants, tongue twisters, phonics readers, easy readers,…..

Mary has a cat. The cat is fat. Mary has a pig. The pig is big. Mary has a bat. The bat is on the mat.

I say Let’s play. Let’s play all day. Let’s play at the bay I say Let’s play. Let’s play all day. Let’s play at the bay. Let’s play on the hay.

Dad by Wiley Blevins Scholastic Phonics Readers I am Dad. I am sad. I am mad. I am a sad, mad Dad. Am I sad? Am I mad? I am a glad Dad.

I Have a Cold by Grace Maccarone Scholastic Hello Reader Level 1 My ears are stuffy. My nose is runny. My eyes are puffy. Ah-choo! Ah-choo! I sneeze and sneeze. I blow my nose. Excuse me, please.

all ar ea i-e ball dark eat bike fall park beat kite tall marker neat like mall market read drive small supermarket teacher website