Analysing Morphemes Lesson 7A

Analysing morphemes You can do this in 2 ways By dividing it up with hyphens: e.g. truth-ful-ness By using a tree diagram truth - ful - ness N A N

Dividing with hyphens Divide into base form + morphemes truth = one morpheme truthful = base form + bound morpheme truth-ful truthfulness = base form + bound + bound truth-ful-ness

Can you divide these words? Colourful Happiness Unbelievable Teacher Monster Rattlesnake

Can you divide these words? Colourful colour-ful Happiness happi-ness Unbelievable un-believ-able Teacher teach-er Monster monster Rattlesnake rattle-snake

Constructing tree diagrams (1) Divide the word into its constuent morphemes e.g. greed-i-ness Decide the root and its grammatical category : greed = noun (N) Decide the grammatical category of all the new words created by the other morphemes greedy = adjective (A) greediness = noun (N)

Constructing tree diagrams (2) Write the divided word at the bottom of the page greed-i-ness Write the grammatical category of the root and join it to the word: greed category of all the new words created by the other morphemes greed-i greed-i-ness and join them up N A N

Now write the word and connect up all the categories Now write the word and connect up all the categories. Can you label the boxes?

Well done! Greed > Greedy > Greediness

Try this word - ‘specification’ Can you divide it up with hyphens? specif-ic-ation specif- = ‘specify’ = root

What are the grammatical categories ? specif-ic-ation specify = Verb specific = Adjective specification = Noun What will be the shape of the tree?

Well done! Now label it

Find the roots the following words unwholesome whole rulership rule underdeveloped develop overachiever achieve operational operate indispensable dispense

Build the tree from the root un-whole-some whole A

Add the next word that is created to the tree whole + some this creates the new adjective wholesome whole - some A A

Add the next word that is created to the tree un + wholesome this creates the new adjective unwholesome un - whole-some A A A

Draw tree diagrams for the following words rul-er-ship under-develop-ed over-achiev-er operat-ion-al in-dispens-able

Analysing compounds Compound nouns can be a single word with two base forms: e.g. windmill = wind + mill rattlesnake = rattle + snake How do we analyse these ?

Drawing a tree of a 1-word compound is easy Windmill = noun Wind = noun Mill = noun wind-mill N N N

black bird + black-bird is a noun phrase is a compound noun black bird black-bird N NP N N N N

Analysing 2-word compounds Compound nouns can also be made up of two words e.g. coffee table In this case you have to decide which word is the head and which word is the modifier

Where is the head in these compounds coffee table swimming pool car park dish washer oven cleaner table pool park washer cleaner

dish washer dish washer = noun washer = noun wash = verb -er = bound morpheme wash = head What shape is the tree?

Notice the label of the head

Analyse and draw a tree Coffee table Swimming pool Car park