The Molecule of Life.  Carry the instructions to build proteins  Carry hereditary instructions from one generation to the next.  Nucleic acids are.

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Presentation transcript:

The Molecule of Life

 Carry the instructions to build proteins  Carry hereditary instructions from one generation to the next.  Nucleic acids are built from NUCLEOTIDES (simple building blocks that are found in the cytoplasm of the cell).

There are two types of nucleic acids: 1. DNA - deoxyribonucleic acid 2. RNA - ribonucleic acid  One phosphate group  One sugar group: DNA (deoxyribose) or RNA (ribose)  One nitrogenous base

5-Carbon Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous Base

Source: wiki/Image:Phosphodiest erBondDiagram.png Author: wiki/User:G3pro Phosphate group Nitrogenous Base (GC or AT) 5-Carbon Sugar

The four possible nucleotides in DNA are:  phosphate - sugar - guanine  phosphate - sugar - adenine  phosphate - sugar - cytosine  phosphate - sugar - thymine

The four possible nucleotides in RNA are:  phosphate - sugar - guanine  phosphate - sugar - adenine  phosphate - sugar - cytosine  phosphate - sugar - uracil

 The nitrogenous bases are: Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine

In DNA, the base pairs are:  guanine – cytosine  adenine – thymine* In RNA, the base pairs are:  guanine – cytosine  adenine - uracil*

Source: Madeleine Price Ball

Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted

 DNA is a double helix structure that curves up and to the right.  The curve or twist of DNA creates a minor and major groove.

Source: 3dscience and en.wikipedia

 A molecule transcribed from DNA  Provides a template for protein synthesis  Three kinds of RNA: ◦ mRNA – communicates the amino acid sequence for protein synthesis ◦ tRNA – brings the correct amino acid to the growing polypeptide chain ◦ rRNA – the site of protein synthesis in the ribosome

Source:

Source: Access the National Health Museum

Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted

Source: ©1999 William Reusch, All rights reserved (most recent revision 7/16/2007) – Permission granted

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