Moisture availability constrains soil trace gas fluxes in an eastern Amazonian regrowth forest Moisture availability constrains soil trace gas fluxes in.

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Presentation transcript:

Moisture availability constrains soil trace gas fluxes in an eastern Amazonian regrowth forest Moisture availability constrains soil trace gas fluxes in an eastern Amazonian regrowth forest Steel Vasconcelos, Daniel Zarin, Eric Davidson, Francoise Ishida, Elisana Santos, Maristela Araújo, Débora Aragão, Lívia Rangel-Vasconcelos, Francisco Oliveira, William McDowell, Claudio Carvalho University of Florida Woods Hole Research Center Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amaznia Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia Universidade Federal Rural da Amaznia Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia University of New Hampshire Embrapa Amaznia Oriental Embrapa Amazônia Oriental

CO 2, N 2 O, and CH 4 greenhouse gases CO 2, N 2 O, and CH 4 greenhouse gases NO precursor of O 3 NO precursor of O 3 Gas production and consumption strongly linked to the availability of soil moisture Gas production and consumption strongly linked to the availability of soil moisture Limited understanding of the mechanisms that control variation in soil trace gas emissions Limited understanding of the mechanisms that control variation in soil trace gas emissions Rainfall, litterfall, and decomposition confounding factors in observational studies Rainfall, litterfall, and decomposition confounding factors in observational studies Very few manipulative studies in tropical forests Very few manipulative studies in tropical forests Introduction

Quantify the impacts of soil moisture availability on trace gas fluxes in a regrowth forest stand in eastern Brazilian Amazonia Quantify the impacts of soil moisture availability on trace gas fluxes in a regrowth forest stand in eastern Brazilian Amazonia Objective

Pará State, Brazil Pará State, Brazil Regrowth forest (13 years old in 2000) Regrowth forest (13 years old in 2000) Rainfall = 2540 mm Rainfall = 2540 mm T air = 24 – 27 o C T air = 24 – 27 o C Oxisol Oxisol Study area

Treatments = control, irrigation, and litter removal Treatments = control, irrigation, and litter removal Replicates = 4 Replicates = 4 Plot size = 20 m x 20 m Plot size = 20 m x 20 m Experiment layout

Treatment Dry-season irrigation (5 mm d -1 )

CO 2 NO, N 2 O, CH 4 TechniqueIRGAChemiluminescence Gas chromatography Collars per plot 32 Frequencybi-weeklybi-monthly Measurement dates 6018 Trace gas measurements

Statistical analysis Repeated measure analysis: treatment, date, and treatment x date effects Repeated measure analysis: treatment, date, and treatment x date effects Contrast analysis: season (wet vs. dry) and treatment within season effects Contrast analysis: season (wet vs. dry) and treatment within season effects

Irrigation increases soil water availability

Irrigation increases soil respiration CO 2 efflux during the dry season CO 2 efflux during the dry season Irrigation maintained wet season R soil levels Irrigation maintained wet season R soil levels Soil CO 2 pulse events Soil CO 2 pulse events

Irrigation does not affect NO efflux

Irrigation increases N 2 O efflux Wet season efflux > dry season efflux Wet season efflux > dry season efflux Irrigation > control Irrigation > control

Irrigation increases CH 4 efflux Wet season efflux > dry season efflux Wet season efflux > dry season efflux Irrigation efflux > control efflux Irrigation efflux > control efflux

Moisture availability constrains CO 2, N 2 O, and CH 4 emissions during the dry season Moisture availability constrains CO 2, N 2 O, and CH 4 emissions during the dry season The substantial impacts of soil moisture on soil CO 2 efflux may have important implications for soil respiration modelling approaches The substantial impacts of soil moisture on soil CO 2 efflux may have important implications for soil respiration modelling approaches Conclusion

Next step: examining mechanisms Treatments: control (C) root exclusion (NR) litter removal (NL) litter removal + root exclusion (NLNR) Root respiration = C – NR Microbial respiration litter = C – NL Microbial respiration soil = C – NLNR Trenching experiment

Osório Oliveira, Glebson Souza, Evandro Silva (MANFLORA field assistants) Osório Oliveira, Glebson Souza, Evandro Silva (MANFLORA field assistants) Raimundo da Silva (Estação Experimental de Castanhal – UFRA) Raimundo da Silva (Estação Experimental de Castanhal – UFRA) The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brazil for the grants Acknowledgements