Forest Fragmentation Leads to Behavioral Changes in the Bearded Saki, Chiropotes satanas chiropotes Sarah Boyle 1 & Wilson Spironello 2 1 Arizona State University, USA 2 Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Brazil 1

2 Amazonia forest: Largest rainforest

Deforestation: Global problem 13 million ha/yr lost (FAO 2007) Amazon: Largest rainforest 2.4 million ha/yr lost in Brazilian Amazon (Laurance et al. 2004) 3

Richard Bierregaard, Jr. Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project 4

5 Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP) - Study Site

6 Forest fragments – Isolation

7 Study Areas

8 Seasons

9 Primate behaviour and ecology research at BDFFP

Bearded Saki Monkey Luiz Claudio Marigo/WRPC Archives Not much known Defies convention: Large home range Large group size Highly frugivorous Seeds (ripe, unripe) 10

Research Question How does forest fragmentation affect the behavioral ecology of the northern bearded saki monkey? Group size Matrix use Activity budget Diet Spatial patterns Luiz Claudio Marigo/WRPC Archives 11

Primate Census Rylands and Keuroghlian (1988) Schwarzkopf and Rylands (1989) Gilbert (2003) Boyle (2008) Line transects 12

Data Collection Track for 3 days/cycle Group scan samples GPS location Group size/composition Behavior Diet 13

Present Absent 100 ha 10 ha 1 ha Distribution

Distribution Present Absent 100 ha 10 ha 1 ha NOT ISOLATED 15

Home Range Continuous forest: ha Permanent residents of fragments: 3% of normal home range vs. 430 ha 10 ha 16

Group Size F (3,3) = 35.75, P = Density F (3,3) = 43.80, P =

Activity Budget 18

Diet X Diet vs. Forest size Seeds 83% Fruit 17% Continuous Forest 100-ha Fragments 10-ha Fragments 19

Diet 244 species 2% consumed in all sites 60% consumed at only one site Trees with fruit (phenological surveys) 36% species never consumed 20

Distance Traveled F (3,3) = , P < F (3,3) = , P < F (3,3) = 52.20, P =

Distance 10-ha fragment Distance: 3.09 km 8 ha = total area used Continuous forest Distance: 4.07 km 96 ha = total area used 22

Revisits F (3,3) = , P =

Can reside in small patches But small, high-density groups No births in small fragments during study Avoid low-growth matrix Diet differences Nutritional differences? Spatial patterns vary Home range, distance traveled, circular routes Overview of Findings 24

Future Directions Monitor population (movement, births) Analysis of use of secondary forest R. Bierregaard, Jr. Nutritional analyses of diet Continued examination of factors predicting vulnerability to fragmentation 25

Acknowledgements Funding Arizona State University Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Fulbright/IIE Providing Educational Opportunities (PEO) Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation Organization for Tropical Studies National Science Foundation Primate Conservation, Inc. American Society of Primatologists IDEA WILD Waldete Castro Lourenço Lívia Rodrigues da Silva Alaercio Marajo dos Réis Osmaildo Ferreria da Silva Lucas da Silva Mergulhão Alexandro Elias dos Santos Regina Luizão Charles Zartman