By Claudio Stanzani, Managing Director of SDA a.s.b.l. – Social Development Agency 2010 Trade union culture and structure in Europe

LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO status profession sector politics politics religion religion DGB UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CGT CGT-FO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CFDT UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNSA UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CFTC TUC UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO TCO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO SACO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO

Italy: politics and religion Belgium: politics and religion / regional UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CGIL CISL UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UIL UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO ABVV/FGTB ACV/CSC ACLVB/CGSLB

GERMANY DGB UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO Sector

DGB DGB membership now stands at 8 unions, representing nearly 9 million people IG Bauen-Agrar-Umwelt Construction-agriculture-enviroment IG Bergbau, Chemie, Energie Mining, Chemicals, Energy Gewerkschaft Erziehung und Wissenschaft Education and Science IG Metall Metalworkers

DGB/2 Gewerkschaft Nahrung-Genuss-Gastst ä tten Food, Beverages and Catering Gewerkschaft der Polizei Police TRANSNET Railway Workers Vereinte Dienstleistungsgewerkschaft e. V. (ver.di) United Services Union

DGB/3 DGB 14 regional areas

UNITED KINGDOM TUC UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO Profession

TUC (1868) TUC membership now stands at 58 unions, representing nearly six and a half million people

TUC Congress The policy making body of the TUC is the annual Congress which meets for four days each year during September. Each affiliated union can send delegates to Congress - the larger the union, the more it can send. At Congress 'motions' (resolutions for debate) are proposed and discussed. These form the basis of the TUC's work for the next year. Congress 2009 This years Congress at the BT Convention Centre in Liverpool is now over, you can view the text of the decisions and the unedited verbatim reports of the daily sessions. More informationMore information Congress 2010 will be held from the 13th - 16th September in Manchester

TUC/2 In the Regions The TUC has officers in eight locations in England, Wales and Scotland who service Regional Councils and the Wales TUC. The TUCs regional staff represent the TUC by supporting TUC campaigns and objectives and seeking the views of trade unions in the regions. TUC regional education officers organise a programme of accredited courses for stewards, safety representatives, pension scheme trustees and other trade union representatives. 8 regional areas: - Scotland - Yorkshire and Humberside -Northern -North West - Midlands - Wales - Southern and Eastern - South West

ITALY UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CGIL CISL UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UIL UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO politics politics religion religion Debate on union unification

ITALY CGIL – CISL – UIL: nearly 10,5 million peoples Institutionalisation of relationships between employers, unions and the state: concertation Three levels of collective bargaining: the interprofessional or national level, the sectorial level and the company level High membership (+- 40%) High level of retired people affiliated to unions (+/- 50% of the membership) A high percentage of employees (90%) are covered by a collective labour agreement

SWEDEN LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO TCO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO SACO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO Status

In Sweden three UNIONS LO-S TCO SACO Status: blue-collar workers Membership: Unions: 18 Status: white-collar workers Membership: Unions: 18 Status: professional workers Membership: Unions: 25

FRANCE UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CGT (1895) CGT-FO (1948) UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CFDT (1964) UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO CFTC (1919) UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNSA (1993) politics politics religion religion CGC (1945) UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO

FRANCE The crisis of French trade unionism is occuring in three areas:  recruitment  representation  activism

BELGIUM UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO ABVV/FGTB ACV/CSC ACLVB/CGSLB UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT LO politics religion religion/regional

BELGIUM pragmatism and pluralism A model of democratic corporatism (socio-economic policy) is developed within a centralised, national consultative system Three levels of collective bargaining: the interprofessional or national level, the sectorial level and the company level High membership (+- 60%) A high percentage of employees (90%) are covered by a collective labour agreement (CLA)

> 55 % % % % < 15 % Union density

TRADE UNIONS DENSITY IN THE EU

COLLECTIVE BARGAINING COVERAGE 2005

Multi Central Company Enterprise Company Enterprise Company Enterprise Company Enterprise Company Enterprise Company Enterprise Industry Branche Industry Branche Industry Branche Basis of collective bargaining

UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT CTI UNION SYNDICAT GEWERKSCHAFT CTI Works Council Comité d’entreprise Betriebsrat Workplace employee representation body

Works Council Betriebsrat Comité d’entreprise d’entreprise

Composition of body Employees only Employees and employer (and/or other management representatives)  Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus(N), Cyprus (S), Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey, United Kingdom  Belgium, Denmark, France, Luxembourg

Composition of body only mix

Prescribed threshold for establishing the body In all firms from 5 employees from 10 employees from 15 employees from 20 employees from 35 employees from 50 employees from 100 employees from 150 employees no obligation: by voluntary agreement on request  Finland (1), Sweden  Germany(2), Austria, Cyprus (S)  Cyprus (N)  Italy (3), Romania (4)  Slovenia,  Denmark  Greece, Spain, France, Netherlands (5), Hungary  Belgium (6)  Luxembourg  Ireland, United Kingdom, Estonia, Portugal, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Bulgaria, Turkey, Malta  Lithuania (7), Latvia, Poland (8)

Other forms of workplace employee representation Employee delegates Health and safety committee or representative Representation on board of directors or supervisory board  Spain, France, Luxembourg  All countries (1)  Slovenia, Netherlands, Sweden, Slovak Republic, Czech Republic, Austria, Denmark, Germany, Finland, France, Poland, Greece (2), Ireland (2), Luxembourg, Romania (3)

Représentation au conseil d'administration ou de surveillance Vertretung im Aufsichts - / Verwaltungsrat Verwaltungsrat Representation on board of directors or supervisory board

public

Central Works Council - Comité de groupe Gesamt-/ Konzernbetriebsrat

possible

legal basis

Legal basis of the bodies Legislation Collective agreement Collective agreement and legislation  Austria, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain  Cyprus (N), Cyprus (S), Denmark, Sweden, Malta, Turkey, United Kingdom(1), Ireland  Belgium, Finland(2), Italy (1) Finland: Codetermination determined by legislation but shop stewards only by interproffessional agreeement