Conflicts in the Colonies

Conflict in the Colonies 1.Native Americans -land -religion 2.English Power -Mercantilism: England used colonies to provide products they could not produce -Development of naval power -Desired a favorable balance of trade (when exports exceed imports

Conflict Continued 3.Navigation Acts of 1660 and Passed to protect English mercantilism -Colonists were forced to use English ships and trade directly with England 4.Parliament forces James II out of power -Demonstrates that Parliament has final say 5.Monarchy changes colonies -Enforce and tighten navigation acts -Parliament kept the right to veto any colonial laws

Uniting for Peace –Albany Congress (1754) Ben Franklin Colonial leaders and Iroquois leaders Aid against the French Both reject the idea– no treaty

Added Tension Relations with Native Americans worsen Royal Proclamation of 1763: colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mountains England acquired a large debt from the war

Problems after the War -Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts -conflicts were becoming costly for Britain -Proclamation of 1763 stated that colonists could not cross the Appalachian Mtns -Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians

Tensions Build -British heavily in debt because of war -standing British Army in the colonies -Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products -smugglers avoid paying taxes

Tensions Build -writs of assistance -Sugar Act affected merchants and traders -protests began against taxation without representation James Otis

Stamp Act -Parliament passes Stamp Act -placed a direct tax on the colonists -required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards -affected many colonists rich and poor -Quartering Act, 1765

Townshend Acts -new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint -colonists again reacted with protests -British reacted by sending more troops

Parliamentary Acts Sugar Act (1764) Quartering Act (1765) Stamp Act (1765) –Stamp Act Congress –Repealed by Parliament (1766) Declaratory Act (1766) Townshend Acts (1767)

Colonial Reactions “No taxation without representation.” “Virtual Representation”-felt unrepresented in Parliament Sons of Liberty organize boycotts Committees of Correspondence –Organized colonial resistance against the crown Merchants create non-importation associations  not buy British goods

Boston Massacre -March protests by colonists -British troops fire on crowd -5 colonists killed Crispus Attucks -Most soldiers found not guilty John Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

The Revolutionary Cause Boston  center of colonial protest and rebellion (strained heavily by acts) British Army sent to enforce laws Boston Massacre (1770)  Townshend Acts repealed

Boston Tea Party (1773) Coercive Acts/Intolerable Acts -harsh acts imposed to punish Boston -closed Boston Harbor -military governor over Boston

First Continental Congress –September 1774 –Colonial representatives –Complete boycott of British goods, raise local militias, repeal all Parliamentary laws

Divided Loyalty Loyalists/Tories-opposed independence; loyal to Britain Patriots/Whigs-supported the war with Britain; American colonists