1 In the name of GOD Body Mechanics, Posture, Questionable Exercises, and Care of the Back and Neck By: F. Akyash Part 2

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4 Slouching Increases Strain on Low Back Note: similar position of spine when bending over  Slouching in a chair increases the pressure on the vertebral disks and can lead to back pain

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6 Chair seat

7 Foot Rest

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10 Table  table space is very important for foot comfort  If the table height above the height of the shoulder and the elbow, this causes fatigue and pain in the shoulder joint

11 Table  Table and Armrest at the Same Height  Forearm is Parallel with Horizontal Plate

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13 Incorrect Position  Right hand ( Median nerve)  Left hand ( Pressure of the weight)  Lateral FLEX of vertebral column  INT rotation of shoulders

14 Incorrect Position

15 Incorrect Position

16 Incorrect Position

17 BeforeAfter Ergonomic Controls

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20 Avoid Lifting and Bending Whenever You Can  Place objects up off the floor: Set objects down on a table or other elevated surface instead of on the floor.  Raise / lower shelves: The best zone for lifting is between your shoulders and your waist. Put heavier objects on shelves at waist level, lighter objects on lower or higher shelves.

21 Proper Lifting Techniques  Wide base of support  Back straight  Deep breathe  Bend at hips and knees - NOT BACK!  Keep load close to body  Tighten stomach muscles  Use leg, hip and buttock muscles  Breathe out with lift

22 Sitting or standing too long in one position Long sitting can be very hard on the lower back.

23Chair  Back Seat is Adjustable  Height is Adjustable  Armrest is Adjustable

24 Common Sources of LBP Muscle in “spasm” Nerve root Somatic dysfunction In somatic dysfunction, some muscles become overactive (“spasm”) and other muscles become inactive

25 Common Sources of LBP the sacroiliac joint or the hip can create low back pain. SI joint dislocation

26 Common Sources of LBP Disk Herniation

27 Common Sources of LBP sciatic nerve Long dorsal si ligament sacrotuberous ligament sacrospinous ligament Piriformis contracture

28 Objectives of Ergonomics FITTING THE JOB TO THE HUMAN