AP World History R USSIA AND T OKUGAWA J APAN

R USSIA, J APAN, AND THE M ONGOLS  Japan Defeated the Mongols with the help of some wind. Japan chose Isolation  Most of Russia was conquered by the Mongols. The Mongols Isolated Russia.

R USSIAN G EOGRAPHY  Russia is Big  Russia is Very Cold with Harsh Winters  Russia has lacked warm water ports with access to the seas.  Russia is Asian and European

“G ENERAL ” W INTER  Russia’s Size and Harsh Winters Have saved it from invasion from Charles XII, Napoleon, and Hitler

C ZAR  Czar’s are Russian Emperors.  From Latin Word “Caesar”  Romanov Family was Czar for most of Russian History  Rule with Absolute power

B YZANTINE I NFLUENCE ON R USSIA  Eastern Orthodox Christianity  Cyrillic Language

R USSIA F ALLS B EHIND  Mongol Rule Left Russia Isolated and Behind the Rest of Europe in many different aspects.

P ETER AND C ATHERINE THE G REATS  Both try to Modernize and Westernize Russia.  Enlightened Despots  Try to catch Russia up to rest of Europe

R USSIA VS. O TTOMAN E MPIRE  Ottoman Empire-Islamic Empire that took over much of former Byzantine Empire.  Rivalry between Russian and Ottoman Empire  Access to Warm Water Ports is a Major Issue

A NSWER  How was Russia influenced by the Byzantine Empire?  How did Russian Geography protect it from foreign invasion?  How did Peter and Catherine try to change Russia?

S ENGOKU P ERIOD : 15 TH - 17 TH C ENTURY  Warring States Period in Japan  Japan is not unified.  Rival Daimyos Battle to Become Shogun  Emperor has little power.  Japan is most violent nation in the world during this time.  Japan will be unified at the end of this time period.

T HREE L EADERS OF J APANESE U NIFICATION  Oda Nobunaga  Toyotomi Hideyoshi  Tokugawa Ieyuasu

O DA N OBUNAGA  Begins Unification Process  Strong and Violent Military Leader  Ieyasu and Hideyoshi work for him.  Betrayed by own general and commits Seppuku

T OYOTOMI H IDEYOSHI  Succeeds Oda  Ieyasu Works For  Peasant Origins  Nearly Completes Unification  Not Granted Title of Shogun due to common origins  Failed Invasion of Korea  Leaves Young Heir

T OYOTOMI H IDEYORI  Hideyoshi’s Young Mail Heir  Tokugawa and 5 Daimyos Promise to Protect Until Old Enough to rule Japan.  Ieyasu Traps him in Osaka Castle

T OKUGAWA I EYASU  Known for Patience  Completes Unification of Japan in 1600  Unifies Japan after battle of SEKIGAHARA  Becomes Shogun  Family Rules Japan for 250 Years

W ILL A DAMS  First Englishman to Visit Japan  Became Advisor to Tokugawa Ieyasu  Helps establish trade between Japan, England, and the Netherlands.  Became 1 st White Samurai  Helped Ieyasu learn about Europe

O SAKA C AMPAIGN  Hideyoshi’s son Hideyori leads a rebellion with 100,000’s of Ronin Samurai against Ieyasu.  Ieyasu destroys Osaka Castle and destroys all potential rivals to Tokugawa rule.  Hideyori commits seppuku.

T OKUGAWA S HOGUNATE  Tokugawa Family Rules Japan until 1868, over 250 Years.  Tokugawa family isolates Japan shuts almost all trade and travel.  Prosecution of Japanese Christians.  Capital is moved to Tokyo from Kyoto

D UTCH E XCEPTION  Japan allowed some trade with the Dutch at Nagasaki.  The Dutch were interested in trade and money and not spreading Christianity.

T ICKET O UT THE D OOR  Who unified Japan in 1600?  Why was the Sengoku period so violent?  What was the foreign policy of the Tokugawa Shogunate?  Why were the Dutch allowed to trade with Japan?