Objectives Examine the development of the absolutism in France –Louis XIII & Louis XIV Define and trace the rise of mercantilism

Louis XIII King age 9 –Appointed Cardinal Richelieu to help rule Richelieu becomes real ruler –2 goals 1.Increase the power of the monarchy 2.Make France the strongest country in Europe –Rulers became Absolute Total control over church & state Both die in

Louis XIV The Sun King Why is Louis called “The Sun King”? He was an absolute monarch, as expressed in the famous quote attributed to him, "L'etat c'est moi" (I am the state). Identifying himself with Apollo, the Greek god of the sun, Louis XIV came to be called "the Sun King."

Louis XIV’s Childhood Louis king age 5 Cardinal Jules Mazarin –Ruled for Louis while a child Harsh ruler Mazarin upset many nobles –Revolted: Fronde almost killed the king

Louis’s Rule At age 23, Mazarin died, Louis king Louis lived in grand style –500 servants –Loved food, merrymaking, art & theater Versailles –one of the most impressive places ever –located outside of Paris –Became center of the Fr. government –Nobles lived w/king at Versailles

Entering the Main Hallway The Main Door with famous French figures.

The ornamentation on the walls Relief sculptures on the ceiling

Marie Antoinette's Bed, with chairs for her servants. Louis XIV’s Bed

Meeting Room

Louis XIV’s Private Chapel

The Famous “Hall of Mirrors”

Questions Who did Louis XIII have rule for him before he was old enough to rule on his own? What were Richelieu’s 2 goals? Who was known as the Sun King and why? What did the nobles do when Mazarin upset them? How did Louis XIV live? What was the name of his palace?

Louis XIV Economic Policy Appointed Jean Baptiste Colbert - Minister of Finance Believed in Mercantilism: –Establishment of colonies to supply materials & markets & relieve dependence on other nations –Encouraging manufacturing, export > import

Colbert tried to improve econ Gave subsidies (grants of gov’t. $$) to Fr. companies Placed high tariff (tax on imports) to protect Fr. companies Encouraged ppl to move to colonies Improved transportation in Fr.

Colbert tried to improve econ Encouraged skilled workers to settle in Fr. –Especially Huguenots (Fr. Protestants) 1683 Louis revokes Edict of Nantes (religious freedom) –Huguenots flee

Louis’ Wars: to gain France was –Europe’s largest country –4x as many ppl as any other country –Army: 400,000 men For 30 years Louis tried to expand east into the Netherlands & Germany - failed No 1 country could beat Fr., smaller countries joined together to stop them –This is known as Balance of Power

Louis’s Wars: against War of Spanish Succession –King of Spain died w/o an heir and gave his throne to Louis’s grandson –Smaller countries that had allied against Fr. were scared of a Fr./Spain Alliance –1701, several of these countries attacked Fr. & Spain

Treaty of Utrecht Louis grandson gets to stay on the Spanish throne Fr. gets Alsace Eng. gets Gibraltar, & some of Fr.’s colonies Austria gets part of the Netherlands New balance of power –Eng., Austria, Netherlands –Fr. & Spain

Louis is out Great Grandson, Louis XV takes over XIV tells XV: –“try to be at peace with your neighbors and try to comfort your people, which unhappily, I have not done.” Why does XIV say this?

Questions Who was appointed the minister of finance and what did he believe in? Describe Mercantilism in your own words. What is are subsidies and a tariff? What did the Edict of Nantes guarantee? How were other countries able to stop Frances from gaining more land? Why did smaller countries attack France?