1450-1750 Review

What were the major changes/developments from 1450 – 1750?

1450-1750 Major Developments European discovery of Americas creates a New Global Economy which begins a process of globalization Atlantic Trade Network (Triangular Trade) Atlantic Slave Trade Major Biological Exchanges (Columbian Exchange) New Empires in Asia, Africa, Europe and Americas Gunpowder Empires Colonial administrations Coercive labor systems Slave Systems Rise of Europe Scientific Revolution Enlightenment

What were the major civilizations from 1450-1750?

Major Civilizations 1450-1750 The Americas: Aztec, Inca Africa: Kongo, Benin, Oyo, Dahomey, Ashanti, Songhay East Asia: Ming, Qing, Tokugawa South Asia: Mughal

What were some of the major continuities from 1450-1750?

Continuities 1450-1750 Existing trade routes continued to be important to global exchange No sweeping global cultural changes during this era No systematic changes in gender relations Spread of world religions continued Ex. Christianity to the Americas

What were the major global processes from 1450-1750?

Global Processes 1450-1750 Triangular Trade Network (including Atlantic Slave Trade) Exploration European Colonization of the Americas Columbian Exchange

Must-Know Dates 1450-1750

1453

1453 Ottomans capture Constantinople

1488

1488 Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

1492

1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue.

1502

1502 African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

1517

1517 Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

1521

1521 Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

1533

1533 Pizarro conquered the Incas.

1571

1571 Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)

1588

1588 British defeat the Spanish Armada

1600

1600 Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

1618-1648

1618-1614 Thirty Years War

1683

1683 Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

1689

Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

Ottomans capture Constantinople

Ottomans capture Constantinople 1453 Ottomans capture Constantinople

Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope 1488 Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope

Columbus sails the ocean blue.

Columbus sails the ocean blue. 1492 Columbus sails the ocean blue.

African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas. 1502 African slaves begin to arrive in the Americas.

Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses 1517 Martin Luther writes the 95 Theses

Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

Cortez conquered the Aztecs. 1521 Cortez conquered the Aztecs.

Pizarro conquered the Incas.

Pizarro conquered the Incas. 1533 Pizarro conquered the Incas.

Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)

Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans) 1571 Battle of Lepanto (naval defeat of the Ottomans)

British defeat the Spanish Armada

British defeat the Spanish Armada 1588 British defeat the Spanish Armada

Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate 1600 Battle of Sekigahara – beginning of Tokugawa Shogunate

Thirty Years War

1618-1648 Thirty Years War

Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna 1683 Unsuccessful Ottoman siege of Vienna

Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights 1689 Glorious Revolution & English Bill of Rights

1450-1750 The Early Modern Era Review Questions

What was the general status of women from1450 – 1750?

Women 1450 - 1750 In most parts of the world, women continue to occupy a secondary status. In most societies, marriage was primarily an economic arrangement. In a limited and gradual sense, some parts of Europe began to develop a greater awareness of the injustice of the position women held in society. Aristocratic women and increasingly middle class women had informal forms of influence over husbands and sons, the education of children, running households and businesses and managing finances. A handful of monarchs were women.

What were the major economic trends in the period 1450-1750?

Economic Trends 1450-1750 Rise of a global trade network Emergence of Europe as a world economic power Decline in the power of nomadic groups Inflation as a result of increase in gold and silver New major trade network (Atlantic) Increase in the importance of trade-based wealth vs. land- based wealth New labor systems Enslavement of Native American and Africans by Europeans European colonial economies in the Americas heavily dependant on based on slave labor

What were the major demographic trends in the period 1450-1750?

Demographic Trends 1450-1750 Migration of Europeans to the Americas Forced migration of Africans to the Americas Overall global population increase Largest increases in population were in Europe and Asia

What were the major environmental trends in the period 1450-1750?

Environmental Trends 1450 – 1750 Transfer of plants, animals and diseases via the Columbian Exchange Increase agricultural development

What were the major cultural and intellectual developments in the period 1450-1750?

Cultural and Intellectual Developments 1450 - 1750 European Renaissance Protestant Reformation European Enlightenment Increase in the influence of Neo-Confucianism in China New art forms in the Mughal Empire in India

What were the major land-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

Land-based Powers 1450 -1750 Ottoman Empire Safavid Empire (Persia/Present-day Iran) Mughal Empire (India) Ming and Qing China Tokugawa Japan Songhay (Songhai) Empire (western Africa) Benin

What were the major sea-based powers from 1450 – 1750 ?

Sea-based Powers 1450 – 1750 Portugal Spain France England

What were the reasons for an increase in the population in Europe from 1450 - 1750?

Reasons for Rise in European Population Introduction of potatoes and corn from the “New World” European agricultural revolution

Describe the phases of Europe’s emergence as a world power from 1450-1750.

Rise of Europe 1450 - 1750 Before 1400s – Europe is behind 1500s – 1600s – Europe is about even 1700s – Europe is beginning to pass other parts of the world in terms of wealth and technology 1800s – Europe is becoming a dominant economic and military world power and there is an increase in European imperial activity

What were the major political developments from 1450 – 1750 ?

Political Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750 1st World Wars (ex. 7 Years War) Rise of Nation-States New forms of monarchy Absolute Monarchies Parliamentary Governments

What is divine right?

Divine right Monarch get their right to rule from God; therefore, this right cannot be taken away

What is a nation-state?

Nation-state Solid political units with relatively fixed borders, a sense of national unity and mostly homogeneous populations ethnically and linguistically

What were the major social developments in Europe from 1450 – 1750 ?

Social Developments in Europe 1450 - 1750 Social diversification as a result of the growing importance of nonagricultural occupations (ex. Banking, commerce, trade, shop keeping, artisanry, craftsmanship) Rise of middle class (bourgeoisie)

Which dynasties ruled China from 1450-1750?

Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) Qing Dynasty (1644-

How did Japan begin this period (1450-1750?)

Japan was disunified Governed by military shoguns Feudal wars Independent states ruled by landed aristocracy (daiymo)

Who unified Japan in 1603?

Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Shogunate ruled from 1603-1868.

What were the three gunpowder empires?

Ottoman Safavid Mughal

Where was each empire located?

Ottoman – N. Africa, SE Europe, SW Asia Safavid – Present day Iran Mughal – northern India

What are did the gunpowder empires have in common?

Where were the founders of the Ottoman Empire from?

Central Asia

Who was at the top of the Ottoman political structure?

The Sultan

How were sultans different from European monarchs?

Sultans did not marry The heir was not necessarily the oldest son

Where was the Ottoman capital?

Istanbul

Who was the greatest of the Ottoman sultans?

Suleiman the Magnificent (aka Suleiman the Lawgiver)

What elite group of soldiers supplemented the Ottoman military?

janissaries

What was the harem?

elite social network made up mostly of the sultan’s relatives

Who is the best known Ottoman architect?

Sinan

Who was at the top of the Safavid political structure?

The Shah

What was the main culture and religion in the Safavid Empire?

Persian Culture Religion – Shiite Muslim

What became a national industry in the Safavid Empire?

Persian Rugs

Who established the Mughal Empire?

Mongol warlord – Babur (aka the Tiger) in 1520

What was the most important trade item in the Mughal Empire?

textiles

The Mughals are known for what famous architectural structure?

The Taj Mahal