ENGLAND Absolutism in England

Fall of the ROMAN Empire Kingdom of England falls in and out of power between several and kings for a period of several hundred years ANGLO-SAXON DANISH

NORMAN CONQUEST - Duke of Normandy crossed the English Channel & invaded England Battle of - William becomes King Was a monarch book – census of population, property, wealth 1066 WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR HASTINGS STRONG DOMESDAY

GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENTS 1. - system – became a means of settling disputes 2. - laws the same for all people 3. - issued in 1215; placed limits on king’s power (opposite of ); rose from dispute between nobles & King JURY COMMON LAW MAGNA CARTA ABSOLUTISM JOHN

3. MAGNA CARTA cont. Nowithout Right to a trial by Influenced the U.S. & TAXATION REPRESENTATION CONSTITUTION BILL OF RIGHTS JURY GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENTS

King called together representatives from around England to meet to raise taxes for war *included not just nobles, but knights & citizens Became standard practice with two houses: I.House of- nobles/bishops II.House of - knights & burgesses – citizens of wealth PARLIAMENTEDWARD I COMMONS LORDS GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENTS

- becomes King of England - not having male to throne, asked Catholic Church to his marriage to his wife after years of marriage, she was & could not longer have children. Henry wanted a ; the Pope his request He secretly married Ann Boleyn & was ANNUL HEIR HENRY VIII DIVORCE DENIED EXCOMMUNICATED w-henry-viii-worked/

Henry disregarded the& forced to legalize his divorce & break away from the Catholic Church in. After the other churches had been formed; Henry became the head of England’s Boleyn was crowned POPE PARLIAMENT REFORMATION 1534 HENRY VIII OFFICIAL CHURCH QUEEN

Boleyn gave birth to a daughter & had the same problem as Catherine; no male Henry had Anne and her and her brother were in 1536 Henry married Jane Seymour and she gave birth to a in 1537 & died two weeks later HEIR ARRESTED SON BEHEADED HENRY VIII

Henry VIII married more times after the death of Jane Seymour. produced any children 1547 – Henry died – his only son became King at only years old – in ill health, he died at Henry’s daughter from his marriage became Queen – she was Catholic & returned England to Catholic control under the 3 NONE 9 EDWARD VI ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT 15 1 st POPE

Mary died in 1558 at the age of she had no children. She was succeeded by Elizabeth, Henry’s daughter from his wife. She was England left the Catholic Church – created the Church of England or Church  Allowed to marry  Conducted services in rather than 42 2 nd ANGLICAN PROTESTANT ENGLAND BECOMES PROTESTANT PRIESTS ENGLISH LATIN

Ruled from to (45 yrs) Her rule was known as the Era o - famous playwright o - 1 st Englishman to circumnavigate the globe o - led colonization of America WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE ELIZABETHAN QUEEN ELIZABETH I FRANCIS DRAKE WALTER RALEIGH ts/elizabeth-the-first-before-she-was- queen/

The Spanish fleet of ships with men set sail to invade England They were defeated by the English and very bad. The victory tremendously Elizabeth’s popularity. She died in - she is considered by many to be England’s ARMADA 130 NAVY 30,000 CONFLICT WITH SPAIN WEATHER INCREASED 1603 GREATEST MONARCH

Elizabeth was never and had children. Her cousin James Stuart, King of became King in. The Stuart rulers believed in - no limit on power; this conflicted with King James died in and his son became King; MARRIED NO 1603 SCOTLAND STUARTS ABSOLUTISM DIVINE RIGHT PARLIAMENT 1625 CHARLES I

Charles was in constant with Parliament – usually for them and levying high to fight wars. When he needed Parliament – they to cooperate and forced him to sign the of in He had to agree to: 1.Not anyone without just cause 2.Could not without Parliament’s consent 3.Could not force anyone to house 4.Could not impose law CONFLICT IGNORING REFUSED TAXES STUARTS ABSOLUTISM PETITION RIGHT IMPRISON TAX SOLDIERS MARTIAL al-queens-mary-stuart-and-elizabeth-i/

Ignored much of Petition of Right upsetting Appointed special courts (Court of the chamber) to persecute those who disagreed with him Married a Faced rebellion in who feared STAR PARLIAMENT SCOTLAND CATHOLIC MORE TROUBLE FOR CHARLES UNIFICATION

Finally in a war broke out between the supporters of King Charles & the supporters of Parliament – the war would last Years and become known as the 1642 LOYAL ENGLISH CIVIL WAR CIVIL MORE TROUBLE FOR CHARLES cont. PURITAN

- supporters of Charles vs. - supporters of Parliament The led by the “New Model Army” headed by defeated the - King Charles was arrested in 1647, put on trial for and in 1649 CAVALIERS ROUNDHEADS TREASON OLIVER CROMWELL ENGLISH CIVIL WAR BEHEADED ROUNDHEADS CAVALIERS

Abolished the, House of and the Church of Set up republic called Persecuted 1653 – dissolved Took title “Lord Protector” & ruled as a Tried to society under Puritan values - promoted MONARCHY LORDS PARLIAMENT COMMONWEALTH OLIVER CROMWELL REFORM ENGLAND CATHOLICS MORALITY MILITARY DICTATOR

1660 – Charles I son restored the monarchy - passed in - an arrested person has the right to know charges against him – and defend themselves in front of a judge 1685 – Charles II died & had no King James II upset because he was *He would be England’s last ruler CHARLES II 1679 ROMAN CATHOLIC THE RESTORATION CATHOLIC HABEAS CORPUS CHILDREN

James II was forced to the throne because of his religion and fled to Parliament wanted a ruler in England James II’s oldest from his first marriage was Protestant; Mary & her husband William became the new rulers ABDICATE PROTESTANT GLORIOUS REVOLUTION 1688 FRANCE DAUGHTER

Not as rulers but as a monarch Were forced by Parliament to accept the English Bill of Rights (1689). They could not: 1. Parliament’s laws 2.Levy without permission 3. with freedom of speech 4. citizens who question the monarchy ABSOLUTE TAXES WILLIAM & MARY RULE ENGLAND CONSTITUTIONAL SUSPEND INTERFERE ARREST

WORKS CITED William I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May Magna Carta: John signing the Magna Carta. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May John: John signing the Magna Carta. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May parliament: Elizabethan Parliament. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May Holbein, Hans, the Younger: portrait of Henry VIII. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May Maclise, Daniel. Daniel Maclise Henry VIIIs First Interview with Anne Boleyn.jpg. Digital image. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Commons, 9 Feb Web. 21 May Anne Boleyn. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May

WORKS CITED cont. Edward VI. IMAGE. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May Elizabeth I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May Royal Navy, the: English navy and the Spanish Armada, Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May Charles I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 21 May Charles I. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May Cromwell, Oliver. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May Cromwell, Oliver. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May

WORKS CITED cont. Mary II: William III and Mary II. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 22 May