L1 –Difference based on provenance / source type / lifts from source. [1-2m] L2 – Difference based on source content, unsupported. [2m] L3 –Differences based on source content, supported. [2-3m] L4- Difference based on tone/ audience / impact (4-5m) L5 – As L4 + Comparison based on purpose [5- 6m]

How are Sources A and B different as evidence about Lenin’s relationship with Stalin? They are different in that while Source A shows them having a close relationship, Source B shows that Lenin did not trust Stalin and appeared to dislike him. This is because in Source A (give evidence – paraphrase or quote) which shows that they are close. However, in Source B, Lenin refers to Stalin as (quote or paraphrase) which shows that he distrusted him to the point of wanting him removed. (L3 – 3)

L4 – Difference based on tone The tone is different in both sources. In Source A, the tone is a positive one because it shows both of them having a friendly relationship but the tone in Source B is negative because it reflects Lenin’s distrust and dislike for Stalin because he sees him as being intolerant, disloyal and rude.

L5 – As L4+ Comparison based on purpose The purpose for both sources are different. Source A has a propaganda purpose, given the fact that some quarters have identified this photo as fake, where Stalin wanted to portray that he had a good relationship with Lenin so that he would be seen as Lenin’s successor. In this way, he wanted to win the support of the people and the Communist Party. On the other hand, in Source B, Lenin’s purpose is to warn the Communist Party to be wary of Stalin so that they curtailed his growing power.

They are different in that while Source A shows them having a close relationship, Source B shows that Lenin did not trust Stalin and appeared to dislike him. This is because in Source A (give evidence – paraphrase or quote) which shows that they are close. However, in Source B, Lenin refers to Stalin as (quote or paraphrase) which shows that he distrusted him to the point of wanting him removed. The tone is different in both sources. In Source A, the tone is a positive one because it shows both of them having a friendly relationship but the tone in Source B is negative because it reflects Lenin’s distrust and dislike for Stalin because he sees him as being intolerant, disloyal and rude. The purpose for both sources are different. Source A has a propaganda purpose, given the fact that some quarters have identified this photo as fake, where Stalin wanted to portray that he had a good relationship with Lenin so that he would be seen as Lenin’s successor. In this way, he wanted to win the support of the people and the Communist Party. On the other hand, in Source B, Lenin’s purpose is to warn the Communist Party to be wary of Stalin so that they curtailed his growing power.

They are similar in pinpointing Trotsky personality as one of the reason for Stalin’s rise to power. In Source C, ‘excessive self-assurance’ can be inferred as Trotsky being too confidence to the point of being arrogant. This characteristic of Trotsky was mentioned in Source D which described him as ‘secure’ and he seeing Stalin as being almost a joke as his rival. Thus, his confidence and arrogance made him be unaware of Stalin’s threat to his position as Lenin’s successor, which allowed the Stalin to eventually rise to power. (L3) How are sources C and D similar in telling us about Stalin’s rise to power?

Both sources are similar in tone. In Source C, Lenin has a negative tone towards Stalin because he distrusts him when he said that he was unsure if he would ‘always be capable of using that authority with sufficient caution’. Similarly, Source B has a negative tone of Stalin because the author described him as ‘wilful and sly’. The sources are also similar in their tone when they described Trotsky. Both sources have described him as being arrogant which is a negative assessment of Trotsky. (L4)

Both sources are similar in their purpose. They aim to give an assessment of both potential leaders of the communist party after Lenin by highlighting their weaknesses. (L5)

They are similar in pinpointing Trotsky personality as one of the reason for Stalin’s rise to power. In Source C, ‘excessive self-assurance’ can be inferred as Trotsky being too confidence to the point of being arrogant. This characteristic of Trotsky was mentioned in Source D which described him as ‘secure’ and he seeing Stalin as being almost a joke as his rival. Thus, his confidence and arrogance made him be unaware of Stalin’s threat to his position as Lenin’s successor, which allowed the Stalin to eventually rise to power. (L3) Both sources are similar in tone. In Source C, Lenin has a negative tone towards Stalin because he distrusts him when he said that he was unsure if he would ‘always be capable of using that authority with sufficient caution’. Similarly, Source B has a negative tone of Stalin because the author described him as ‘wilful and sly’. The sources are also similar in their tone when they described Trotsky. Both sources have described him as being arrogant which is a negative assessment of Trotsky. (L4) Both sources are similar in their purpose. They aim to give an assessment of both potential leaders of the communist party after Lenin by highlighting their weaknesses. (L5)

L1 – Similarity and difference based on provenance / source type / lifts from source. [1-2m] L2 – Similarity and difference based on source content, unsupported. [2m] L3 – Similarities or differences based on source content, supported. [2-3m] L4- Both aspects of L3 (4-5m) L5 – As L4 + Comparison based on purpose [5-6m]

The similarity between the sources is that both sources pinpoint Trotsky’s arrogance as being the reason for his failure to become the next leader to succeed Lenin. In source D, he is described as ‘secure’ and who failed to see a rival in Stalin because he saw it as ‘almost a joke’. Similarly, in Source E, he is described as being arrogant to the point that he not only ‘underestimated Stalin’ he also ‘offended the senior party members’ which reflect that he failed to protect his position by being aware of Stalin’s growing threat to this position and failing to win the support of the other party members. L3]

The sources differ in their identifying the other reason for Trotsky’s failure to rise as Lenin’s successor, which is, Stalin’s personality. In Source D, Stalin is described as being a manipulative person who would do his hardest to take wrest control from Trotsky because it described him as ‘wilful and sly’ who later on in 1923 became the ‘menacing and towering figure’. However, Source E focused on Trotsky’s failure to be wary of Stalin but failed to mention the reasons behind it. This implies that Source E puts the blame solely on Trotsky. L4

The sources are similar in their purpose, that is, they want to explain Trotsky role in his failure to emerge as Lenin’s heir. Both have pinpointed his arrogance as being the reason for his failure because he failed to check on Stalin because he did not see as him being a threat to his position. (L5)

The similarity between the sources is that both sources pinpoint Trotsky’s arrogance as being the reason for his failure to become the next leader to succeed Lenin. In source D, he is described as ‘secure’ and who failed to see a rival in Stalin because he saw it as ‘almost a joke’. Similarly, in Source E, he is described as being arrogant to the point that he not only ‘underestimated Stalin’ he also ‘offended the senior party members’ which reflect that he failed to protect his position by being aware of Stalin’s growing threat to this position and failing to win the support of the other party members. L3] The sources differ in their identifying the other reason for Trotsky’s failure to rise as Lenin’s successor, which is, Stalin’s personality. In Source D, Stalin is described as being a manipulative person who would do his hardest to take wrest control from Trotsky because it described him as ‘wilful and sly’ who later on in 1923 became the ‘menacing and towering figure’. However, Source E focused on Trotsky’s failure to be wary of Stalin but failed to mention the reasons behind it. This implies that Source E puts the blame solely on Trotsky. L4 The sources are similar in their purpose, that is, they want to explain Trotsky role in his failure to emerge as Lenin’s heir. Both have pinpointed his arrogance as being the reason for his failure because he failed to check on Stalin because he did not see as him being a threat to his position. (L5)