CHURCH HISTORY II Lesson 8 Church History October 26, 2008 The Anglican Reformation

Apostolic Church Apostolic Fathers Church Councils Church History Ca. 30AD590 AD1517 AD Golden Age of Church Fathers Reformation & Counter Reformation Rationalism, Revivalism, & Denominationalism Revivalism, Missions, & Modernism ? Ancient Church HistoryMedieval Church HistoryModern Church History The Pre-Reformers The First Medieval Pope The Rise of the Holy Roman Empire The Crusades The Papacy in Decline

Roman Catholic Church Lutheran Anglican Reformed Anabaptist Methodist General Baptist Presbyterian ’s 1530’s

The Protestant Reformation Common Beliefs 1.Salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ 2.Religious authority is Scripture. 3.Church is the priesthood of believers. LutheranReformed AnglicanAnabaptist Martin Luther Ulrich Zwingli John Calvin John Knox Elizabeth I Conrad Grebel Germany SwitzerlandScotlandEngland Northern Europe

Anglican High Church (Arminian) Evangelical Low Church Anglicans 1534 Roman Catholics The Development of English Protestantism (Calvinistic) State Church Puritans Separatist Congregationalists Independents Presbyterians

4 Roots of the Anglican Reformation 1.John Wycliffe ( ) & the Lollards 2.The Rise of a Strong National State 3.The Effect of the Biblical Humanists 4.Luther’s Writings Circulating in England Henry VIII

Henry VII Able Administrator Developed a Nationalistic Fervor Arranged Political Marriages for Children Strategic Royal Marriages Margaret – James of Scotland Arthur – Catherine of Aragon Henry – Catherine of Aragon

VV Henry VIII Reign ( ) Handsome Strong Cultured Good Musician Could speak-Latin, French, Spanish, & English Enjoyed chase, archery, tennis Strong theological knowledge Wrote The Seven Sacraments “Defender of the Faith” Egotistical Obstinate Given to fitful acts of terror

Daughter of Ferdinand & Isabella of Spain Married to Arthur Married to Henry VIII for 24 years She bore 6 children, only 1 survived infancy, Mary; No male heir

The Direct Cause of the Reformation No male heir from marriage with Catherine God was punishing him for marrying his brother’s wife Cardinal Wolsey order to negotiate with Pope Clement VII for a divorce Wolsey fails because Clement under the control of Charles V, Catherine’s nephew. Wolsey will die on his way to execution. Thomas Cromwell, chief minister to Henry, Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury – get control of English clergy. In Henry accused the clergy of violating a statute prohibiting recognition of any appointee of the pope without the King’s consent. Cardinal Wolsey Henry then forced the clergy to accept him as the head of the church “as far as the law of Christ allows” and fined them. In 1532, levies $, he called them together again and forced them to agree to the Submission of the Clergy – No papal bull enforced In 1533, he divorces Catherine and marries Anne

Acts of Parliament Parliament Passes the following acts: Prohibit residence of English clergy outside of the country Forbid payment of annates to the pope Prohibited appeals from church courts in Eng to papal courts in Rome 1534 – passed the Act of Supremacy of 1534 declaring the King “the supreme head of the church of England” Subjects were to take an oath to observe the statute & to repudiate papal authority. Thomas More refused

January 1533, Henry Marries Anne Boleyn Thomas Cranmer, Protestant Arch Bishop of Canterbury, pronounced Henry’s marriage to Catherine invalid, and on May 28 declared marriage to Anne Boleyn fully lawful. She is crowned queen on June 1, and gives birth to Elizabeth on September 7. Ten Articles – Protestant influenced doctrinal statement. November 1534 – Parliament passes the Supremacy Act – the King of England head of English Church. (no change in doctrine or form of worship, but governance) Over the next 4 years – Henry seizes catholic lands and gives to the middle class and landed gentry. May 1536 – tired of Anne Boleyn and unforgiving for no male heir, Henry accuses her of adultery and has her behead. 13 days later marries Jane Seymour

Jane gives birth to a male heir, but dies 12 days later.

Cromwell encourages Henry to marry Anne of Cleves for political reasons. This recommendation leads to Cromwell’s demise/death.

Marries Catherine Howard in August Charged rightly with adultery in November 1541 and beheaded January Catherine and her family and supporters were Catholic. Her ignominious end discredited Catholics and left protestants in a position to influence Edward when Henry dies.

Had Protestant leanings and supported theological reform of the church. She supported Archbishop Cramner and the protestants faction that would influence the young Edward VI when Henry VIII died.

Edward VI (reigned ) Since a boy king, country was ruled by protectors who favored Protestantism Parliament abolished harsh Law of Treason & Heresy Repealed the Six Articles Act Removed all restrictions on printing, reading, & teaching of scriptures Order administration of cup to the laity Images ordered removed from churches Marriage of priests made legal Act of Uniformity – universal use of a book of common prayer in English 42 Articles – doctrinal statement produces by Cranmer and influenced by Knox Dies at age 16 - tuberculosis

Mary Tudor (reign ) Sought to immediately repeal Protestant Reforms Marries Phillip II of Spain Began persecution of Protestants, “Bloody Mary” Hugh Latimer, Nicholas Ridley, Thomas Cranmer Many leading Protestants flee to the Continent & become influenced by continental reformers particularly Calvin in Geneva Mary’s extreme reaction turned the English people from her – Spanish marriage, restoration of the pope, the persecution of English people

Five Characteristics of the English Protestant Reformation 1. No dominant religious leader. 2. It was a gradual Protestantization of the English people. 3. God used secular (pagan?) catalysts to bring Reformation to England. 4. The vernacular Bible prepared people for the break with Rome. 5. No spiritual awakening among the people at all levels of society.