Carbon Nanotubes What is that? Siegmar Roth Max Planck Institut f. Festkörperforschung and SINEUROP Nanotech GmbH Stuttgart

Carbon Nano Tubes

Carbon~

Snake Oil cures all deseases converts straw into gold burns permanently in lamp Solid State Version: Philosopher’s Stone (arcanum)

Carbon Black (is already as versatile as snake oil) Goes into car tires Cures bad stomach Used in painting and printing Helps watching eclipses of the sun …….. …….

~nano~

ο νάννος = dwarf /Zwerg nano...nine...neun...novem Wavelenth of light: 10 -6, μ micrometer Interatomic distance: 1Å = m

~tube

~tube: 1.) Aspect Ratio = Length / Diameter 2.) no dangling bonds perfect surface no surface scattering ballistic transport 3.) hollow inside

Was sind Nanotubes? Besondere Russpartikel nahtlose Rohre aus graphitischem Kohlenstoff 1 nm Durchmesser mehrere µm lang Molekülphysik / Festkörperphysik

Mindestwissen: Single-Walled Multi-Walled Semiconducting Metallic Was sind Nanotubes?

CNTs inside: Völkl and Fraunhofer TEG

transparent flexibele Transistor

Fiber from Nanotubes: Bucky Yarn (ca. 100 μm thick, like human hair) Special Case Composite: Nanotubes + Binder (here binder is PVA)

Properties of individual CNTs Length: microns to millimeters, Diameter: nm Electrical conductivity: metallic (ballistic transport) semiconducting p-, n-doped or ambipolar (E gap ~1/d) mobility ~ cm 2 /Vs (Si ~450 cm 2 /Vs) Operating current density > A/cm 2 (Cu~ 10 6 A/cm 2 ) Thermal conductivity ~ 6000 W/Km (Cu~ 400W/Km) Gravimetric surface: > 1500 m 2 /g Density: ~ 1.4 g/cm 3 (Al~ 2.7 g/cm 3 ) High mechanical strength and high resilience Chemically inert Temperature stability: up to 2800°C in Vacuum, 600°C in air

The Price of 1 Nanotube: 1 tube contains about 10**5 atoms 12g **23 atoms **18 tubes 1g --- 1k € **17 tubes 1 tube costs about 10 f€

How to make carbon nanotubes: CVD Carbon Arc Laser Ablation

Real Nanotubes

How to maks networks: Dip coating of suspension Spraying of Suspension Electroplating CVD Growth on Surfaces Mixing into Polymers, Metals, Ceramics, …

Wet-chemical Synthesis of Supertuper Nanotube Transistor

SEM Image of Bucky Paper

AFM image of SWCNT over gold leads on Si chip, representing a „conventional“ carbon nanotube transistor

Schematic view of „conventional“ Carbon Nanotube Transistor

Vertical Nanotube Transistor (Patented by Infineon -and by Samsung ?!)

„All-Carbon“ Transistor

Wet-chemical synthesis of nanotube junctions

) Dy atom Metallofullerene Peapod

BMBF „INKONAMI“ Infineon

Summary Transistors, Sensors Vias and Interconnects Composites Transparent Conducting Films Supercapacitors Membranes for Fuel Cells Biocompatible Materials