Regenerative Top-Bar Beekeeping “A successful apiary [means] a locally-adapted strain of bees that can survive (and thrive!) on their own with minimal attention and no medications” - Kirk Webster (2005)
Objectives – I want you to leave here and… Understand pros and cons of top-bar Feel more comfortable around bees and beekeepers See beekeeping through a permaculture lens Trust the process
Fundamentals Permaculture design: Ethics underlie everything. Trust the bees – it’s ok to not understand and control everything. Hobbyist / small-scale bioregional beekeeping is vital
Ethics Principles & Patterns Strategies & Techniques
Apis mellifera 7 species, 44 subspecies Eusocial 3 ‘castes’
Communication – chemicals & choreography Pheromones Queen pheromones Nasonov glands Alarm bananas Venom (isopentylacetate) Trophylaxis
Inside the hive Brood Nest ‘heart’ of colony 33-36° Contains –Eggs –Larva –Capped cells Food Nest periphery Contains –Pollen ‘bee bread’ –Honey –Nectar –Royal Jelly –Propolis
BROOD FOOD
Keepin’ bees..
The smoker Cave-paintings Why? 1. Alarm pheromones 2. “FIRE!” Bees have no eyelids.. Alternatives Not smoking Apple cider vinegar + H20
Lighting the smoker
Clothes
Where to put hive? Easy access Dappled sunlight Minimal wind PLENTY of diverse nectar + pollen sources! Clean water source Entrance facing North and not toward human traffic Elevated Level
Where to get bees? Ferals? Swarms – simulated or ‘wild’ Packages ‘Nucs’
BEEHIVE DESIGN
Nature Build top to bottom Respiration + ventilation Catenary curves Queen free, & can grow old Swarms: 1) reproduction 2) emergency Colonies 3km apart
Domestication 4500 years ago Egypt European ‘straw skep,’- monks Mid 1800’s apiculture took a turn toward the industrial. Wild honey harvesting ongoing
Bees will live in most things.