World History Through Architecture and Art

ANCIENT EGYPT The theme of Egyptian architecture is: The Focus on the afterlife Pyramids were built mostly by slaves to serve as tombs when the Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs died. There are 138 pyramids found in Egypt as of 2008.

The Great Sphinx in Egypt Surveying the sands of Giza, the great Sphinx has stood guard since about 2500 B.C. The greatest monumental sculpture in the ancient world, the Sphinx is carved out of a single ridge of stone 240 feet (73 meters) long and 66 feet (20 meters) high. It represent the body of a lion with the head of a king or a god.

Ziggurats Ancient Mesopotamia These were temples not tombs. Kings built these temples to perform religious ceremonies. Scientists have discovered 19 ziggurats and we know of 10 more through literature. Ancient Mesopotamia

Greek Art and Architecture The Parthenon Greek Art and Architecture Built in the city of Athens and dedicated to the goddess Athena. Greek life was dominated by religion, their buildings were dedicated to the Gods. The column is a common feature in their structures. Their art tries to portray the human body “in motion” and “the beauty” of humans. They used marble and limestone to build these structures. Ancient Greece

Famous Greek Structures The Dodoni Greek Theater The Temple of Poseidon

Ancient Rome The Coliseum Roman Aqueducts Completed in the year 80 A.D. by the emperor Vespasian. The coliseum seated 55,000 spectators and was used to entertain the Romans. Built to carry water from lakes to the Roman cities. The Arch was used for support. The aqueducts provided Romans with a constant flow of water for their needs. Ancient Rome

One of 1000’s of roads the Romans built by their army. The remains of the famous Roman Forum The Verona Arena built to seat up to 30,000 people. The Baalbek temple built in Lebanon. More Roman Structures

Ruins from the ancient city of Pompeii Ruins from the ancient city of Pompeii. Destroyed by Mount Vesuvius in background. Theater built in 16 B.C. in Merida (seats 6,000) Notice how the Romans portrayed the human body.

Byzantium Empire Basilica of San Vitale Hagia Sophia Built in 537; has been a church, mosque and museum. Located in Istanbul, Turkey. Byzantine cathedral built in 547 in Italy. Byzantium Empire

Byzantine Influence in Russia St. Basil Cathedral Moscow 1561 The Hermitage St. Petersburg 1764 Byzantine Influence in Russia

Famous Ancient Structures in Asia The Great Wall of China built over 2000 years to protect China from outside invaders. Angkor Wat is the largest Hindu temple in the world. Located in Cambodia it was built in the 12 century.

Famous Ancient Structures in Asia Forbidden City: built in 1406 in China during the Ming dynasty, has over 1000 buildings and was home to the emperor. The Shwedagon Pagoda located in Myanmar is over 2500 years old and is one of the most sacred Buddhist temples in Asia.

Famous Ancient Structures in Asia The Taj Mahal in Arga, India was built by emperor Shah Jahan for his wife. It took 20,000 workers and was completed in 1653. The Potala Palace, located in Tibet was built in 1659 is the highest elevated Buddhist temple in the world.

Architecture of the Middle Ages Chartres Cathedral in France (1193) Architecture of the Middle Ages

Cathedrals of the Middle Ages Notre Dame de Paris Paris, France Built in 1163 Cologne Cathedral Cologne, Germany Built in 1248 Cathedrals of the Middle Ages

Salisbury Cathedral Salisbury, England Built in 1258 A new style of architecture emerged in Europe during the Middle Ages. Some common traits of these Medieval churches included: A. Stained glass windows B. High vaulted ceilings C. Tall arches and spires D. Heavy roofs with thick walls. Cathedrals were built in all European cities and represented the wealth of the church.

More examples of Middle Age Architecture The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Italy) 1173 - 1399 Mont Saint Michel (France) More examples of Middle Age Architecture

Castles of the Middle Ages Tower of London London, England Built in 1078 Windsor Castle Berkshire, England Built in 1086 Castles of the Middle Ages

European Renaissance Architecture Santa Maria del Fiore Florence, Italy (1446) St. Peters Basilica Vatican City (1506) * Worlds largest church European Renaissance Architecture

Renaissance Architecture Architects were inspired by the highly symmetrical and carefully proportioned buildings of Classical Greece and Rome. Features of Renaissance buildings: - Symmetrical arrangement of windows and doors. - Extensive use of columns and pilasters. - Arches - Domes - Sculptures

Famous Renaissance Paintings

Architecture from the Enlightenment Period 1600 - 1800 Architecture was marked by a return to the intrinsic dignity of what a contemporary called "the noble simplicity and tranquil loftiness of the ancients.“ Classical style had resisted baroque influences, the great country houses of the nobility now exhibited a purity of design, which often included a portico with Corinthian columns. Architecture from the Enlightenment Period 1600 - 1800

History and How the Palace of Versailles was constructed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7oRPSEEEdV8

Architecture in the Americas: Pre-Columbus Machu Picchu (The Incas) Chichen Itza (The Mayans) Tenochtitlan (The Aztecs) Architecture in the Americas: Pre-Columbus

Famous Structures in the United States Mount Rushmore Statue of Liberty Famous Structures in the United States

Famous Structures in the United States Golden Gate Bridge Empire State Building Famous Structures in the United States

Famous Structures in the United States St. Louis Arch Washington Monument Famous Structures in the United States

Famous modern works around the world In the United Kingdom

In Europe

Around the world

We are still learning about… Man Made Structures We are still learning about…

Easter Island (Pacific Ocean) Built around 13th to 15th centuries Stonehenge Amesbury, England Built around 2600 B.C. Easter Island Heads Easter Island (Pacific Ocean) Built around 13th to 15th centuries

The Great Zimbabwe Ruins “The three buried ancient circles in Turkey” Built around the 11th century “The three buried ancient circles in Turkey” Built long before Stonehenge in Southern Turkey these ancient relics still pose questions for scientists.

Some pictures of the world’s tallest structures And Finally… Some pictures of the world’s tallest structures

(1) Burj Khalifa (2) Shanghai Tower Dubia, UAE (2010) 2717 Feet (2) Shanghai Tower Shanghai, China (2014) 2073 Feet

(3) Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel Mecca, Saudi Arabia (2012) 1971 Feet (5) Taipei 101 Taipei, Taiwan (2004) 1670 Feet

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1998) (8/9) Petronas Towers Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (1998) 1483 Feet (57) Burj Al Arab Dubai, UAE (1999) 1053 Feet

Hopefully you have seen how architecture has changed over the centuries and time periods. It will be interesting to see how architecture will evolve in the 21st century.