IDAHO 2014 Valletta Dennis van der Veur

2 Contents: 1.Key findings presented in In-depth analysis i.Country patterns ii.Age iii.Experiences of trans*people iv.Role of openness and gender expression v.Positive measures ! 3.Future research

3 The largest survey on the experiences of LGBT persons’ human rights 28 EU Member States 93,079 respondents who identify as LGBT On-line questionnaire in 27 languages Focus on experienced discrimination, violence and harassment

4 47% felt generally discriminated against or harassed 19% felt discriminated against at work or looking for work a)Discrimination Key findings

5 b)Bullying of schoolmates Over 80% in every EU Member State

6 c)Hate crime and (non)reporting 26% had been attacked or threatened with violence Only 22% of most serious incidents reported to the police

7 Violent attacks against women much more likely to have been a sexual attack

8 Focus: Low level of reporting discrimination Reporting discrimination incidents, LGBT groups (%) Only 1 in 10 discriminatory incident is reported WHY? 59% think nothing would happen or change 44% said it is not worth it – ‘it happens all the time’ 37% don’t want to reveal sexual orientation

9 Focus: Reporting hate-motivated violence Most serious incident of hate-motivated violence reported to the police, by LGBT group (%) Only 1 in 5 most serious incident of hate-motivated violence is reported Reasons: 50% - Did not think they would do anything 38% - Too minor/not serious enough/never occurred to me 37% - Did not think they could do anything

10 d)Fear of holding hands in public 66% of respondents in all Member States 75% of gay and bisexual men

11 Respondents who avoid holding hands in public with a same-sex partner for fear of being assaulted, threatened or harassed because of being LGBT, % Question: E1. Do you avoid holding hands in public with a same-sex partner for fear of being assaulted, threatened of harassed? Base: those not saying ’I do not have a same-sex partner’

12 In-depth analysis of the results 1.Country patterns 2.Age 3.Experiences of Trans*people 4.Role of openness and gender expression 5.Positive measures !

13 1) Country patterns: a diverse picture Clear country level differences: more inclusive countries, less hate crime / discrimination However, in all countries negative experiences at school and high levels underreporting

14 Country patterns Less likely to be victim of violence, harassment or discrimination Less widespread negative attitudes towards LGBT persons Less likely to avoid certain venues out of fear to be assaulted, harassed or threatened More likely to be victim of violence, harassment or discrimination More widespread negative attitudes towards LGBT persons More likely to avoid certain venues out of fear to be assaulted or harassed Survey data Member States Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, Sweden Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania

15 2) The role of ‘age’ LGBT respondents aged are less open about their sexual orientation or gender identity Most likely to say they avoided being open at home 57% reported to have been discriminated against or harassed (27% for age group 55 year and older) Young LGBT people are 3 times more likely to be victims of violence or to be threatened as LGBT people over 55.

16 3) Transgender people Highest levels of discrimination, harassment and violence experienced by the different LGBT groups In all Member States trans*people feel that discrimination is widespread (in 19 out of 28 Member States – very widespread)

17 4) Role of openness and gender expression Openly LGB respondents are more positive than those who hide their sexual orientation However, even when openly LGB, respondents still tend to avoid holding hands in public or avoid some places for fear of violence BUT: does not apply to trans* persons !

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19 “ People are discriminated against more because of their appearance than because of their sexual orientation – women who look very masculine or men who look very feminine get the short end of the stick whether they are gay or not “ (Malta, lesbian, 36 years old)

20 Gender expression Those whose gender expression different than socially expected – twice as likely to experience violence Hate-motivated violence by gender expression and LGBT group (%) 7/10 of lesbian/ bisexual women negative reactions ‘too masculine’ 6/10 of gay men negative reactions ‘too feminine’

21 5) Positive measures EU average: 56% of respondents is aware of a law forbidding discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation when applying for a job

22 Awareness of law that forbids discrimination against persons because of their sexual orientation when applying for a job by country, % Question: D1. In the country where you live, is there a law that forbids discrimination against persons because of their sexual orientation when applying for a job? Base: All EU LGBT survey respondents

23 But… EU average: only 42% is aware of a similar law on gender identity 76% of all respondents thought that positive measures to promote human rights of transgender people are rare. Trans persons: 80%

24 What needs to be done? LGBT people answer

25 Public authorities: Qualitative research into drivers and obstacles for setting up LGBT policies (2015) Interviews with public officials, police officers, health workers and teachers on LGBT issues in 19 EU Member States Aim: what are the drivers and obstacles for setting up, implementing and monitoring LGBT equality policies? 1 1 Upcoming FRA reports

26 Focus report on transgender people (November 2014) In depth analysis of FRA LGBT survey data for trans persons 2 2 Upcoming FRA reports

27 Update of FRA EU legal comparative report including a new section on ‘intersex’ (2015) 3 3 How is the coverage of intersex under non- discrimination law in EU MS How are the (medical) procedures regarding intersex newborns? Upcoming FRA reports

fra.europa.eu Thank you!