Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Micah 8th Century BC Classical Prophecy Amos, Hosea, Isaiah, Micah 8th Century BC

Kings of the Lands Judah Israel Uzziah 783-742 Jotham 742-735 Ahaz 735-715 Hezekiah 715-687 Israel Jeroboam II 786-746 (assorted 746-737) Pekah 737-732 Hoshea 732-724

Political History Rezin of Syria (740-732) leads Syro-Ephraemite rebellion against Assyria Tiglath-Pileser III attacks Samaria 737 Samaria falls to Sargon II 722/721 Sennacherib invades Judah 701

Prophets to the North Amos Hosea From Judah (the southern kingdom) Native to Israel (the northern kingdom)

Amos Not mentioned outside own book Identification Was he a prophet? But compare “man of God” in 1 Kings 13 Identification Amos 1:1 Was he a prophet? Amos 7:10-17

Message of Amos The Nations and Israel Against Social Oppression Call to Justice Amos 5:14-15 Appendix Amos 9:8b-15

Hosea Hosea marries the loose woman [women] Ephraim turning away and back Hosea 5:9-6:6 Can God give Israel up? Hosea 11

After Fall of Samaria Judean “Escape” from Assyrian invasion But as vassal state Weakness of Assyria – moves to independence Purification of religion [e.g., Hezekiah] Nationalism and Self-righteousness Possible absorption of northern remnants

Prophets to the South Isaiah Micah Resident of Jerusalem First “Major” Prophet Micah Resident of Moresheth-Gath One of the book of the twelve The Prophet Micah: Samaria and Jerusalem in same boat Micah 1:2-9 Judgment on civil and religious leaders Micah 3 God’s case against God’s people Micah 6:1-8 Hopeful additions Micah 4:1 - 5:5 ; 7:18-20

The Book of Isaiah 1-39 Isaiah of Jerusalem 40-66 Book of Consolation 24-27, 33-35 later traditions 36-39 parallel 2 Kings 40-66 Book of Consolation 40-55 Second (Deutero) Isaiah 56-66 Third (Trito) Isaiah

The “Call” of Isaiah The Vision Isaiah 6 Other “Calls” Amos 7:14-17 Jeremiah 1:4-19 Ezekiel 1:4 - 3:15 Isaiah 40:1-8; 49:5-7

Message of Isaiah (1) Centrality of Zion (Jerusalem) Isaiah 2:2-4 [Micah 4:1-4] Role of Davidic kingdom Isaiah 11:1-3 (4-9) Political results from lack of faith Isaiah 7:10-25

Message of Isaiah (2) Assyria and Israel (Judah) Social inequity God and God’s people Isaiah 1:2-17

The Prophet Micah Samaria and Jerusalem in same boat Judgment on civil and religious leaders Micah 3 God’s case against God’s people Micah 6:1-8 Hopeful additions Micah 4:1 - 5:5 ; 7:18-20