Lecture 4: Origin of 911 (II) – Theory of the “ Clash of Civilizations ” 12 th February 2003 (Wednesday)

Announcements Powerpoint Uploading Lecture Scripts Examination Format ID Explanations Multiple-Choice Questions Short Questions of Final Examination Grading Session & Quota Class Website

Reality Three Co-circles of 911 Origins Culture Within Macro Origins: Islamic Fundamentalism Ethics (single-sided) Clash of Civilizations Culture & History American Perspectives Reality

Structure of Lecture 4: Intellectual Response towards 911 Samuel Huntington and the Theory of the Clash of Civilizations Credits to the Theory Challenges against the Theory Conclusion: a “ Self-exercising Prophecy ” ?

PART I Intellectual Response to 911

3 Stages of Intellectual Response Surprised WWIII? Why the American government failed to predict? Surreal Honeymoon of Scholars Sarcastic The Media Preference Criticism towards Samuel Huntington

PART II Samuel Huntington and his theory of the “ Clash of Civilizations ”

Samuel Huntington (1957-) Albert J Weatherhead III Institute, Harvard University Political Scientist + International Relations “ Clientalism ” of US Local Government and Corporations The “ Third Wave ” of Democratization The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (1993)

World Systemic Transformation : Balance of Power System Vs : Bismarkian System Vs : Interwar System

World System Transformation II : Bipolar System Vs 1991-: Unipolar System? 1991-: Clash of Civilizations? Michael Roskin and Nicholas Berry: The New World of International Relations. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River, 2002 (5 th Edition).

The Major Civilizations Western Civilization Slavic/ Orthodox Civilization Hindu Civilization Islamic Civilization Sinic Civilization Japanese Civilization Latin American Civilization African Civilization Buddhist Civilization

Why Clash of Civilizations? Civilization as a “ Covalent Bond ” Historical Conflict between Bonds Why after Cold War? Ideological Bankruptcy/ Revival of Religions Globalization: Politics of Alliance Population and Economic Revolution Decline of Western Civilization  Challengers and the Challenged

The World of Huntington

Inter-civilizational Relationship Friendly Relationship: Sinic and Africa; Slavic and Hindu Neutral Relationship: Sinic and Latin America Hostile Relationship: Islamic and the West/ Islamic and the Rest?! The Bush Question: Why do they hate us so much? Huntington: “ Islam has bloody borders. ”

The Huntingtonian Concept of “ Fault Lines ” Fault lines = borders between different civilizations that are likely to clash Sinic Vs Hindu Civilization: The Tibetan Plateau Sinic Vs Western Civilization: Hong Kong?! Western Vs Islamic Civilization: Where? Geographical Fault Line? Invisible Fault Line = 911?

WWIII (2010) of Huntington USA withdrew army from East Asia Taiwan accepted PRC authority Fault Line: South China Sea Oil Sea China Vs Vietnam (pro-Western) ….  Vs

PART III Credits to the Theory

Rule of Sameness (I) Islamic Vs Western: Palestine (and the Arabic World) Vs Israel Islamic Vs Slavic: Chechenya Vs Russia Bosnian Muslims/ Kosovan Muslims Vs Yugoslavian Serbs

Rule of Sameness (II) Islamic Vs Hindu: Pakistan Vs India Islamic Vs Sinic: “ East Turkestan ” in Xinjiang Vs China Revival of Rightist Movement in Europe Le Pen Vs Muslims (France) 911 – the Modus Operandi?

PART IV Challenges against the Theory

Assigned Readings Main Text: Chris Brown: “ Narratives of Religion, Civilization and Modernity ” (B&D P ) Supplementary Text: Samuel Huntington. The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order. London: Simon and Schuster, 2002 (reprint).

The Rule of Differences: Counter-examples (I) Islamic Not Vs Western: USA Vs Internal Muslim Associations after Malcolm X Islamic Not Vs Slavic Russia Vs Central Asian Republics (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan)

Counter-examples (II) Islamic Not Vs Hindu: India Vs Bangladesh Islamic Not Vs Africa: Organization of African Unity The Many Neglected Cases: Clash Within Civilizations? Hinduism Vs Sikhism

Social Science “ Theories ” Science Theories Social Science Theories Hypothesis  Theory  Law  Model What step(s) is(are) missing? Against Over-generalization The Egg and Chicken Analogy

Conclusion – the “ Self-Exercising Prophecy ” ?

Huntington Says: 911 is an example of the Clash of Civilizations between Islamic and Western Not single in history More “ Islamic against the Rest ” to come Current issues in Russia, India, Palestine, Indonesia, etc … can prove his theory

Simon Says: The Clash of Civilization is an Over- generalization Why 911 was not organized by other clashing civilizations against the Western, e.g. China? Why is globalization still progressing? Why are there increasing multi-ethnic countries? 911 symbolizes the hatred between Muslims and Americans  But can ’ t symbolize a total hatred between civilizations

The “ Self-exercising Prophecy ” Self-exercising Prophecy: Story of Evil Cults World Leaders towards the Clash of Civilizations Theory “ Trouble-makers ” towards the Clash of Civilizations Theory Huntington as an Intellectual, Politician, Business, Prophet, or “ Self-exercising Prophet ” ?

“ To play the adult ’ s game, To take the adult ’ s responsibility ” – Nicholas Tze Thank you for attending ~~The End~~