Chapter 3 Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 Testing Standards Reliability –The degree to which a procedure or test will yield the same results under the same conditions 1.Test-retest reliability.
Advertisements

Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Assessment To collect and INTERPRET information about a client or subject –Remember, the data do not speak for themselves The purpose of assessment: biopsychosocial.
© West Educational Publishing Measuring Personality and Personal Abilities C HAPTER 15 M ost psycholo- gical testing measures personality, apti- tude,
Assessment Interview First step in assessment process: learn as much as possible about the person and their problem(s). First step in assessment process:
Clinical Assessment: How and Why Does the Client Behave Abnormally?
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Allyn & Bacon copyright Clinical Assessment.
Assessment and Diagnosis Copyright © 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
What Do We Measure? Intelligence Achievement Personality Symptoms Memory Vocational match Perception Social skills Stress Coping Etc, etc etc. Can psychologists.
What Do We Measure? Intelligence Achievement Personality Symptoms Memory Vocational match Perception Social skills Stress Coping Etc, etc etc. Can psychologists.
Chapter 4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
RESEARCH METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY
Assessing Personality
Assessing Personality
Police Psychology Chapter 13. Recruitment and Selection The process by which police agencies select police officers Either by screening out those with.
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Assessing and Diagnosing Mental Illness Don’t worry, I’ve already diagnosed everyone in this class...
Measurement Concepts & Interpretation. Scores on tests can be interpreted: By comparing a client to a peer in the norm group to determine how different.
Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior  Classification System is used to subdivide or organize a set of objects. It is a list of various types.
Chapter 14 Using Tests in Clinical and Counseling Settings.
Introduction to Clinical Psychology Science, Practice and Ethics Chapter 5 General Issues in Psychological Assessment This multimedia product and its contents.
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Psychological Tests Ch 15 notes.
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
THEORY AND THERAPY BEHAVIORISM. PERSONALITY—WHAT IS, AND HOW IS IT MEASURED? Personality- an individual’s characteristic style of behaving, thinking,
Assessing and Diagnosing Abnormality
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition by Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale Lecture.
Welcome to the class of HRM. Selection Prof. Hiteshwari Jadeja.
Power Point and Syllabus h3443.html.
Abnormal Psychology Oltmanns and Emery Presentation by: Mani Rafiee Abnormal Psychology Oltmanns and Emery Presentation by: Mani Rafiee.
Assessment Personality Assessment Clinical Interviews unstructured interview semistructured interview.
PSYCHOPATHOLOGY OF CHILDREN AND FAMILY WEEK 4 CLASSIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR.
CHAPTER 3 ASSESSMENT © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution.
Clinical Assessment Interviewing
Chapter 3 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis. Assessing Psychological Disorders  Purposes of Clinical Assessment  To understand the individual  To predict.
Basic Nursing: Foundations of Skills & Concepts Chapter 9
Copyright Prentice Hall 2004 Abnormal Psychology Fourth Edition Oltmanns and Emery.
Chapter 3 Clinical Assessment Slides & Handouts by Karen Clay Rhines, Ph.D. Seton Hall University.
UNIT 2: SELF AND OTHERS AREA OF STUDY 2: INTELLIGENCE & PERSONALITY.
Chapter 3 - Assessment & Diagnosis Classification = ordering & grouping.
Personality Examination. The Interview ► Personality is measured by interviews, observation, questionnaires and projective tests. ► Interview- a face-to-face.
Chapter 4 Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Psychological Testing Unit 3. Reliability: Is the test consistent? Do you get the same result under any circumstance? Test-retest Reliability: Is the.
CHAPTER 3 CLASSIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT. CLASSIFICATION: CATEGORIES OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR ADVANTAGES OF CLASSIFICATION Bridges gap between research.
© Cengage Learning 2016 Assessment and Classification of Mental Disorders 3.
Assessment & diagnosis diagnosis clinical assessment evaluation & measurement of factors (psychological, biological, social, etc) for someone w/ possible.
Defining Abnormality and Diagnosing Psychological Disorders.
Chapter 6 - Standardized Measurement and Assessment
Unit 8: Personality Assessment Chat until class starts.
Group members Gurpreet kaur Amritpal kaur Arshdeep singh uppal Sandeep kaur bhullar.
M ENTAL HEALTH V S M ENTAL ILLNESS. N ORMALITY AND ABNORMALITY SOCIO-CULTURAL Behaviour that is accepted in a particular society or culture, but not in.
Educational Research Chapter 8. Tools of Research Scales and instruments – measure complex characteristics such as intelligence and achievement Scales.
Personality Tests / Sec. 4  OBJECTIVES Identify the most widely used personality tests Describe the use of personality tests  VOCABULARY Personality.
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Module 33 Assessing Personality: Determining What Makes Us Special Chapter 10, Pages Essentials of Understanding Psychology- Sixth Edition PSY110.
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis & Treatment Chapter 4 1.
Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
Assessing Personality
Psychology 102 Module
Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Assessment & Diagnosis
Assessment of Abnormal Behavior
ASSESSMENT IN COUNSELLING PREPAIRED BY: DR.MUNA ABDEEN ABDELRAHMAN.
Assessing Personality
Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
Assessment Chapter 3.
Systems of Classification
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3 Clinical Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment

The **** Personality Inventory 1 = strong agreement 2 = some agreement 3 = little agreement 4 = no agreement at all

The **** Personality Inventory ________ a.I like spending time with other people. ________ b.I have realistic dreams and goals. ________ c.People are only looking out for their own interests. ________ d.I have frequent nightmares. ________ e.I prefer to use humor to cope with stress. ________ f.When I get nervous, I have problems thinking clearly. ________ g.I worry about how I spend my time. ________ h.My feet and hands are usually cold. ________ i.I’d like to travel around the world.

Clinical Assessment: How and Why Does the Client Behave Abnormally? Assessment: collecting relevant information to reach conclusion Used to determine how and why person is behaving abnormally/how person may be helped  Used for several purposes  Making predictions, planning treatments, and evaluating treatments 4

Clinical Assessment: How and Why Does the Client Behave Abnormally? Hundreds of clinical assessment tools have been developed and fall into three categories: Clinical interviews Tests Observations 5

Characteristics of Assessment Tools To be useful, assessment tools must be standardized and have clear reliability and validity To standardize a technique is to set up common steps to be followed whenever it is administered 6

Characteristics of Assessment Tools Reliability refers to the consistency of an assessment measure A good tool will always yield the same results in the same situation 7

Characteristics of Assessment Tools Validity refers to the accuracy of a tool’s results A good assessment tool must accurately measure what it is supposed to measure 8

Clinical Interviews Face-to-face encounters; often the first contact between client and clinician/assessor Used to collect detailed information, especially personal history Allow interviewer to focus on whatever topics considered most important Focus depends on theoretical orientation 9

Clinical Interviews Conducting the interview Can be either unstructured or structured In an unstructured interview, clinicians ask open-ended questions In a structured interview, clinicians ask prepared questions, often from a published interview schedule e.g., SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM) 10

Clinical Tests Devices for gathering information about aspects of a person’s psychological functioning. 11

Clinical Tests Projective tests Require that clients interpret vague or ambiguous stimuli or follow open-ended instruction Psychodynamic Most popular: Rorschach Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 12

Clinical Test: Rorschach Inkblot 13

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Clinical Tests Personality inventories Designed to measure broad personality characteristics Focus on behaviors, beliefs, and feelings Usually based on self-reported responses Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 15

MMPI Consists of 567 self-statements that can be answered “true,” “false,” or “cannot say” Statements describe physical concerns, mood, sexual behaviors, and social activities Comprised of ten clinical scales: Hypochondriasis Paranoia Depression Psychasthenia Hysteria Schizophrenia Psychopathic deviate Hypomania Masculinity-femininitySocial introversion 16

Clinical Test: MMPI Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory Graphed to create a “profile” 17

Clinical Tests Response inventories Usually based on self-reported responses Focus on one specific area of functioning: Affective inventories (Beck Depression Inventory) Social skills inventories Cognitive inventories 18

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROCEDURES  Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II)  0) I do not feel sad.  (1) I feel sad.  (2) I am sad all the time and I can't snap out of it.  (3) I am so sad or unhappy that I can't stand it.  Measures: changes in sleep patterns, appetite, feelings of being punished, thoughts about suicide, interest in sex  21 questions  0–13: minimal to no depression  14–19: mild depression  20–28: moderate depression  29–63: severe depression.  Higher total scores indicate more severe depressive symptoms.

Clinical Tests Psychophysiological tests Measure physiological response as an indication of psychological problems Includes heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, galvanic skin response, and muscle contraction Polygraph (lie detector) 20

Clinical Tests  Neurological and neuropsychological tests  Neurological tests directly assess brain function by assessing brain structure and activity  Neuropsychological tests indirectly assess brain function by assessing cognitive abilities (inhibition, memory, spatial perception). 21

Clinical Tests Intelligence tests Typically comprised of a series of tests assessing both verbal and nonverbal skills 22

Clinical Observations Self-monitoring People observe themselves and carefully record frequency of certain behaviors, feelings, or cognitions as they occur over time 23

Diagnosis: Does the Client’s Syndrome Match a Known Disorder? Using all available information, clinicians attempt to determine if a person’s psychological problems comprise a particular disorder 24

Classification Systems Lists of categories, disorders, and symptom descriptions, with guidelines for assignment Focus on clusters of symptoms (syndromes) In current use in the U.S.: DSM-5 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edition) 25

DSM-5 Lists approximately 400 disorders Describes criteria for diagnoses, key clinical features, and related features that are often, but not always, present 26

Lifetime Prevalence of DSM Diagnoses 27

DSM-5 Requires clinicians to provide two types of information: Categorical Dimensional 28

DSM-5 Categorical Information Clinician must decide whether person is displaying one of hundreds of disorders listed in the manual Some of most frequently diagnosed are anxiety disorders and depressive disorders 29

DSM-5 Dimensional Information Diagnosticians also are required to assess current severity of client’s disorder For each disorder, various rating scales are suggested 30

Is DSM-5 an Effective Classification System? Judged by its reliability and validity DSM-5 followed certain procedures to help ensure greater reliability and validity (conducting extensive literature reviews and running field studies) Despite such efforts, critics still have concerns 31

DSM 5 Key changes to DSM 5 include additions to and removals of diagnostic categories reorganizing of categories changes in terminology 32

Can Diagnosis and Labeling Cause Harm? Misdiagnosis always a concern Major issue: reliance on clinical judgment Issue of labeling and stigma Diagnosis may be self-fulfilling prophecy Because of these problems, some clinicians would like to do away with the practice of diagnosis 33