BACKGROUND.   BIOGRAPHY:  c.496 BC - c.406 BC  born in Colonus  north-west of Athens  always held in high regard  (see Oedipus Coloneus)  family.

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Presentation transcript:

BACKGROUND

  BIOGRAPHY:  c.496 BC - c.406 BC  born in Colonus  north-west of Athens  always held in high regard  (see Oedipus Coloneus)  family = wealthy  most productive era =  under PERICLES  statesman, general )  finest phase in Athenian history  period of commercial, artistic, & intellectual growth*** SOPHOCLES 2

  STYLE:  unquestioning belief in the justice of the gods  humans must follow the divine order  protagonists =  strong-willed  prideful  lack of self-knowledge  leads to their downfall  complex plots, subtle characterization  changes:  3 rd actor, complexity, reduced role of Chorus SOPHOCLES 3

  PLAYS:  wrote approximately 90 plays  from 90 to 130  110 titles  only 7 extant  produced one every other year  won 18 prizes  (at the City Dionysia)  1 st or 2 nd, never 3 rd  (several other victories at the Lenaea)  7 extant plays:  some fragments  Electra, Ajax, Trachiniae, Philoctetes  Theban plays  Oedipus Rex, Oedipus at Colonus, Antigone SOPHOCLES 4

  THEBAN PLAYS = NOT a TRILOGY  written out of order – (3, 1, 2)  Antigone (c. 442 BC)  before the outbreak of civil war (Peloponnesian Wars)  Oedipus the King (430 BC)  during early years of the wars  after the Athenian plague of 429 BC  Oedipus at Colonus (401 BC – after Sophocles’ death)  in Sophocles’ old age  in the final desperate days of the wars  independent units  not a single story arch  inconsistencies, different mythical antecedents  changing tragic vision ANTIGONE 5

 SOPHOCLES 6

  BACKGROUND:  Curse of the gods on House of Laius  Oracle of Delphi  Apollo’s oracle  prophecy warns that Laius will be killed by his son  “Oedipus”  in response, when Jocaste later bore him a son, Laius abandons the child to die in the mountains  his feet pinned & bound (“swollen foot”)  BUT  he survives - found, rescued by shepherd  taken to Corinth, adopted by King Polybus & wife ANTIGONE 7

  BACKGROUND:  Curse of the gods on House of Laius  Prophecy #2  as a young man, Oedipus goes to Delphi & learns  he is fated to kill his father & marry his mother  he vows never to return to Corinth  Prophecies fulfilled  on road to Thebes, Oedipus meets & kills his father (unbeknownst to either)  solves the Riddle of the Sphinx  & as a reward for ending the plague upon the city  becomes king of Thebes & marries Jocasta ANTIGONE 8

  BACKGROUND:  Curse of the gods on House of Laius  Oedipus & Jocasta’s children  Polynices  Eteocles (TWINS)  Antigone  Ismene  Blinding truth  several years later, Oedipus learns the truth of his actions  blinds himself (w/Jocasta’s broaches), abdicates, exiles self  Jocasta hangs herself (w/her hair)  Creon (Jocasta’s brother) becomes regent of Thebes  until sons (in alternating years) will rule ANTIGONE 9

  BACKGROUND:  Curse of the gods on House of Laius  Colonus  rejoined w/ Ismene (w/ news of oracle)  oracle Oedipus’ corpse in Thebes = good  visited by Creon, Polynices – both w/ self-interest  Oedipus curses E&P as traitors ( kill each in battle )  "That city you will never storm, but first will fall, you and your brother, blood-imbrued. […] This curse I leave you as my last bequest: Never to win by arms your native land, nor return to Argos, but by a kinsman's hand to die and slay."  Oedipus dies, daughters return to Thebes to try to stop bloodshed ANTIGONE 10

  BACKGROUND:  Curse of the gods on House of Laius  Civil War  Polynices, Eteocles (older, younger) vie for throne  Eteocles exiled Polynices (to Argos)  Polynices returns w/army – 7 chieftains (“7 against Thebes”)  Polynices & Eteocles kill each other in the ensuing battle  Creon =  king of Thebes  uncle to Antigone & Ismene  soon to be father-in-law to Antigone  father of Haemon ANTIGONE 11

  OPENING:  The royal house of THEBES. It is still night, and the invading armies have just been driven from the city. Fighting on opposite sides, the sons of Oedipus - ETEOCLES and POLYNICES - have killed each other in combat. Their uncle – Creon – is now king of Thebes.  Enter ANTIGONE, slipping through the central doors of the palace. She motions to her sister – ISMENE – who follows her cautiously toward an altar at the center of the stage. ANTIGONE 12

  OPENING:  Setting –  nighttime  immediately after a civil war  brothers just fought & killed each other  no clear king – not through primogeniture  Actions –  slipping, motions, cautiously  Mood (Setting + Actions) –  fear, tension, danger, unease ANTIGONE 13