First and Goal: Teamwork Karen Jacobs, Ed.D., OTR/L, CPE, FAOTA Clinical Professor Program Director, Distance Education Post-professional Occupational Therapy Programs

Lost at Sea You are adrift on a private yacht in the South Pacific. As a consequence of a fire of unknown origin, much of the yacht and it contents have been destroyed. The yacht is now slowly sinking. Your location is unclear because of the destruction of critical navigational equipment and because you & the crew were distracted trying to bring the fire under control. Your best estimate is that you are approximately one thousand miles south-southwest of the nearest land (Paul M. Nemiroff & William A. Pasmore)

Lost at Sea Sextant (tables & chronometer) Shaving mirror Five-gallon can of water Mosquito netting One case of US Army C rations Maps of the Pacific Ocean Seat cushion (flotation device) Two-gallon can of oil-gas mixture Small transistor Shark repellent 20 square feet of opaque plastic One quart of 160-proof rum 15 feet of nylon rope 2 boxes of chocolate bars Fishing kit (Paul M. Nemiroff & William A. Pasmore)

Advantages of Working in Teams Better & new ideas; decisions Higher quality input Involvement of everyone in the process Increased ownership & buy-in Widens the circle of communication Increased learning & understanding Sense of security Personal relationships Better end results Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Teams

Teams Interprofessional education Interprofessional practice Collaboration

Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

AOTA’s Centennial Vision “We envision that occupational therapy is a powerful, widely recognized, science driven, and evidence- based profession with a globally connected and diverse workforce meeting society’s occupational needs.”

Team “…is a group of people who are mutually dependent on one another to achieve a common goal.” Source: The Pfeiffer Book of Successful Team-Building Tools

Team Development Model Interpersonal Relationships Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.

Interpersonal Relationships These are important! Take the time to get to know one another. But remember: When team members can't get along it is usually because of unresolved issues regarding goals, roles, & procedures. Team members don't have to be friends or even like each other to work well together.

Team Development Model Interpersonal Relationships Procedures Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.

Procedures Aim at consistent preparation and attendance. Plan on more multimedia communication (Wiki, Skype, e-mail). Give more than “feedback;” focus on perspectives and new ideas. Focus on the solutions, not the problems. You will need to develop these as a team: Aim at consistent preparation and attendance. Plan on more than multimedia (Skype, e-mail) communication. Give more than “feedback;” focus on perspectives and new ideas. Focus on the solutions, not the problems.

Team Development Model Interpersonal Relationships Procedures Roles Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.

Roles Formal leader Timekeeper Note-taker Discussion leader Clarifier

Team Development Model Interpersonal Relationships Procedures Roles Goals Rubin, Plovnick, and Fry, Task Oriented Team Development, 1975.

Both team and individual goals are important! Should be: Specific Measurable Stated in concrete terms Challenging and urgent

Interprofessional education Interprofessional education occurs when students from two or more professions learn about, from and with each other to enable effective collaboration and improve health outcomes. collaborative practice-ready Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Interprofessional education “... is an opportunity to not only change the way that we think about educating future health workers, but is an opportunity to step back and reconsider the traditional means of healthcare delivery. I think that what we’re talking about is not just a change in educational practices, but a change in the culture of medicine and health-care.” Student Leader, WHO Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Interprofessional education & collaborative practice “…can positively contribute to some of the world’s most urgent health challenges.” Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Interprofessional collaboration is a key factor in initiatives designed to increase the effectiveness of health services currently offered to the public Shaw, Walker & Hogue, 2008

Mechanisms Use supportive management practices Identify and support champions Update, renew, and revise existing curricula Support appropriate legislation that eliminates barriers to collaborative practice Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Collaborative practice Access to and coordination of health-services Appropriate use of professional resources Health outcomes for people with chronic diseases Client care and safety Imroves Access to and coordination of health-services Appropriate use of professional resources Health outcomes for people with chronic diseases Client care and safety Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Collaborative practice Total client complications Length of hospital stay Tension and conflict among caregivers Staff turnover Hospital admissions Clinical error rates Mortality rates Decrease Total client complications Length of hospital stay Tension and conflict among caregivers Staff turnover Hospital admissions Clinical error rates Mortality rates Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Champions Betsey Gray, MSW, LICSW & Nancy MacRae, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c) Terry Olivas De la O, COTA OT4OT Captain Erik Johnson, MS, OTR/L

Champions #1 Betsey Gray, MSW, LICSW, Clinical Associate Professor, School of Social Work Nancy MacRae, MS, OTR/L, FAOTA, Associate Professor, Occupational Therapy Department

The Strategies to Nurture Aging People (SNAP) Establish a sustainable interprofessional academic-community program for independently living seniors Shared by Nancy MacRae

Student Program Objectives Interprofessional education One’s own profession & know how to explain it to others Basic health literacy needs Group development & dynamics Leadership/responsibilities Shared by Nancy MacRae

Student Comment “We really listened to each other’s concerns and tried to make it work – so that every one was satisfied with the final outcome. I have learned a ton about myself and myself as a member of a group, as well as the dynamics of group work. I have noticed after being a part of other interdisciplinary teams that every group is unique in their own way and I am interested to see how this group will form”. Shared by Nancy MacRae

Champions #2 Shared by Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c) Developed over the past three years, iDANCE offers dance technique classes and performance opportunities for all individuals. iDANCE runs technique classes for the summer season, and a performance group during the winter season. Harmanie, one of the dancer remarks: We wouldn’t be able to do what we do without support from a number of community organizations and partners, iDance’s mission is to foster accessibility in our community for dancers with and without disabilities, focusing on disability awareness, education and partnership with the larger community. They achieve this mission through the collaboration of all individuals involved in iDANCE. The wealth of knowledge, networks, and experiences of our group is far greater than anything one person could offer alone. As Lindsay commented, “We must continually honor this vast resource while valuing our fellow contributors to function successfully as a diverse team and realize our goals”. A shared passion can connect a community of diverse individuals. With everyone working towards a common goal, it is possible to foster unique strengths to a greater end, and learn about others in a manner that appreciates both similarities and differences. Accessible physical space can be compensated for by an accessible attitude. Ask others how they would like to approach accessibility issues you encounter together, and be willing to get creative in a way that respects another’s dignity. Learn what members use most to communicate (this may be on an individual basis, such as one member having no computer access and requiring phone contact, or another member preferring an electronic form of communication ie. email, facebook, twitter, websites) Be receptive about what people need to be included Encourage self-advocacy - Even just by asking someone how they might feel best included, or most able to contribute. Shared by Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c)

"I have been dancing with iDance for two years now and really love it "I have been dancing with iDance for two years now and really love it.  Coming to dance every week and dancing with the many friends that I have made makes me feel free.  This is the one time during the week that I can feel free to be "me“. "At iDANCE, I am always welcome, I don't have to hide my identity, I can just be myself when dancing in the group. To be a dancer you must love yourself and I have learned how through iDANCE. The trust in this group is the best trust I ever had in life." Shared by Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c)

iDance as an Interprofessional Team Dignity Respect Safe space Creative adjustments Flexibility Self & others Personal responsibility and ownership Shared by Lindsay Eales, BScOT(c)

Champions #3 Terry Olivas De la O, COTA Family Success by Design, Inc. (FSbD) was created as a collaborative community-based organization with a mission to improve the lives of families and children. http://www.familysuccessbydesign.org/about/

Champions #4 OT4OT Merrolee Penman Anita Hamilton Sarah Bodell Will Wade Susan Burwash Claire Hayward Angela Hook Rashid Kashani Karen Jacobs

http://ot4ot.weebly.com/world-ot-day-schedule.html

Champions #5

http://web.me.com/johnsonvillemelee/armyOTguy.com/Welcome.html

Characteristics of effective interprofessional teams Well-defined purpose Goals linking purpose and outcomes of the team Clear expectations of each person’s role and responsibilities Communicating effectively Establishing regular patterns of communication Generating team cohesion Displaying high levels of mutual respect Framework for Action on Interprofessional Education & Collaborative Practice

Together         Everyone   Achieves    More

Lost at Sea Shaving mirror Two-gallon can of oil-gas mixture Five-gallon can of water One case of US Army C rations 20 square feet of opaque plastic 2 boxes of chocolate bars Fishing kit 15 feet of nylon rope Seat cushion (flotation device) Shark repellent One quart of 160-proof rum Small transistor Maps of the Pacific Ocean Mosquito netting Sextant (Paul M. Nemiroff & William A. Pasmore)

Thank you!