Animal Science Mr. Chad Warnick

Skeleton: Overview The skeletal system consists of the bones and joints along with the cartilage and ligaments that occur at the joints. Bones: Hard Tissue, mostly calcium, provides support and makes Red Blood Cells Ligaments: Strong, white bands of tissue that connect two bones together at a joint

Skeleton: Overview Cartilage: Hard tissue that prevents bones from grinding against each other. Joints: Location of where two or more bones meet. Tendon: Connects muscle to bone.

1. Functions of the Skeleton The skeleton supports the body. The skeleton protects soft body parts. The skeleton produces blood cells. The skeleton stores minerals and fats. The skeleton (along with the muscles) permits flexible body movements.

2. Classification of bones Bones are classified according to their shape. Long (Longer then they are wide) Short (Cube shapes, about equal lengths and widths) Flat (Platelike and have a broad suface) Irregular (Varied shapes with many connections) Round (Circular shape)

2. Classification of bones Long Bones- Longer then they are wide) Longest bones providing support for the body giving it the rigidity (hardness) necessary to stand and move.

EX: Canon Bone, Pelvic, Ribs

Long bones can act as levers

2. Classification of bones Short Bones- (Cube shapted; lengths and widths are about equal. Found in the joints and serve as hinges. They help cushion shock and protect long bones.

Example: Hoofs & Feet

2. Classification of bones Flat Bones (Platelike and have broad surfaces) EX: Skull

2. Classification of bones Irregular Bones- (Varied shapes with many places for connections with other bones)

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Periosteum Outer layer Cushions the hard portion of the bone Repair of broken bones

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Compact Bone Beneath periosteum Layer of hard mineral matter Calcium Gives bones strength

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Spongy Bone Inside hard outer layer Fills ends of bones Lines hollow portions

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Red marrow Inside cavities of spongy bone Formation of red blood cells

3. Anatomy of a Long Bone Yellow marrow Located inside hollow portion Fat storage cells Energy storage

4. Axial and Appendicular Skeleton The skeleton is divided into the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton

Important Terms Related to the Skeleton Skeletons can be divided into two sections, which include Axial Skeleton. b. Appendicular skeleton

4. Axial and Skeleton The axial skeleton lies in the midline of the body and contains the bones of the skull, the vertebral column, and the thoracic cage. (Colored Orange)

Vertebrae are divided into five regions

Cervical Vertebrae-The section in the neck from the skull to the first rib.

Thoracic-extends along the rib cage Thoracic-extends along the rib cage. Each of these has a rib attached to each side.

Lumbar-The area of the spinal column from the last rib to the pelvis Lumbar-The area of the spinal column from the last rib to the pelvis. Also referred to as the loin.

Sacral-Extends through the pelvic area.

Coccygeal- The vertebrae that continue from the pelvis to the end of the tail.

4. Appendicular Skeleton Contains the bones of the fore and rear limbs.

5. Joints Bones are joined together at joints. In most instances bones can articulate at the joints. Classified by the way they move.

5. Joints Joints serve as hinges for the skeletal system.

5. Joints There are 4 types of joints we will discuss: Hinge Knee Ball and Socket Hip Gliding Vertebrae Fixed ( Cartliaginous) Skull

5. Joints - Hinge

5. Joints - Ball & Socket

5. Joints - Gliding

5. Joints - Fixed

Formation of Bones Bone is comprised of: 26% minerals (mostly calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate) 50% is water 4% is fat 20% is protein Bone requires adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals in the ration.

Choose a species

Horse Skeleton

Chicken Skeleton

Horse Skeleton

Unlabeled Horse Skeleton

The skeletal system provides support for the animal.

The skeletal system provides support for the animal.

Skeleton of a Cow

Skeleton of a Cow 1. Cannon 8. Shoulder joint 2. Knee joint 9. Shoulder blade 3. Radius 10. Eye socket 4. Sternum 11. Horn cones 5. Elbow joint 12. Cervical vertebrae 6. Ulna 13. Dorsal vertebrae 7. Humerus

Skeleton of a Cow 14. Lumber vertebrae 20. Knee joint 15. Sacrum 21. Tibia 16. Hip Bone 22. Hock joint 17. Caudal vertebrae 23. Ribs 18. Hip Joint 24. Pasterns 19. Femur 25. Coronary

Skeleton of a Horse

Skeleton of a Horse 1. Thoracic vertebrae 9. Tibia 2. Lumbar vertebrae 10. Fibula 3. Sacrum 11. Tarsus 4. Shaft of Ilium 12. Metatarsus 5. Coccygeal vertebrae 13. Stifle 6. Hip joint 14. Pubis 7. Femur 15. False ribs 8. Patella 16. True ribs

Skeleton of a Horse 17. Proximal sesamoid bones 25. Elbow joint 18. Ulna 26. Sternum 19. Coffin joint 27. Humerus 20. Pastern joint 28. Shoulder joint 21. Fetlock joint 29. Scapula 22. Metacarpus 30. Mandible 23. Carpus 31. Facial bones 24. Radius 32. Cranial bones 33. Cervical vertebrae

Skeleton of a Fowl

Skeleton of a Fowl 1. Incisive 7. Scapula 2. Nasal 8. Fused Ribs 3. Occipital 9. Ilium 4. Ulula 10. Pygostyle 5. Ulna 11. Ischium 6. Radius 12. Pubis

Skeleton of a Fowl 13. Femur 19. Coracoid 14. Fibula 20. Clavicle 15. Tibia 21. Cervical vertebrae 16. Metatarsus 22. Mandible 17. Sternum 23. Humerus 18. Patella

Horse Skeleton

Chicken Skeleton