9.2 Calculating Acceleration

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Presentation transcript:

9.2 Calculating Acceleration The relationship of acceleration, change in velocity, and time interval is given by the equation: Example: A pool ball traveling at 2.5 m/s, towards the cushion bounces off at 1.5 m/s. If the ball was in contact with the cushion for 0.20 s, what is the ball’s acceleration? (Assume towards the cushion is the positive direction.)

The equation can be rearranged to solve for change in velocity: Example: A car accelerates from rest at 3.0 m/s2 forward for 5.0 s. What is the velocity of the car at the end of 5.0 s? The car’s change in velocity is 15 m/s forward, therefore The car’s velocity after 5.0s is 15 m/s forward.

The equation can be rearranged to solve for change in time: Example: A train is travelling east at 14 m/s. How long would to increase its velocity to 22 m/s east, if it accelerated at 0.50 m/s2 east? (assign east direction positive (+)). To find the value of Dt: It would take 16 s for the train to increase it’s velocity.

Try the following acceleration problems. A truck starting from rest accelerates uniformly to 18 m/s [W] in 4.5 s. What is the truck’s acceleration? Answer: 4.0 m/s2 [W] A toboggan moving 5.0 m/s forward decelerates backwards at -0.40 m/s2 for 10 s. What is the toboggan’s velocity at the end of the 10 s? Answer: 1.0 m/s forward How much time does it take a car, travelling south at 12 m/s, to increase its velocity to 26 m/s south if it accelerates at 3.5 m/s2 south? Answer: 4.0 s

Gravity Objects, near the surface of the Earth, fall to the Earth due to the force of gravity. Gravity is a pulling force that acts between two or more masses. Air resistance is a friction-like force that slows down objects that move through the air. Ignoring air resistance, all objects will accelerate towards the Earth at 9.8 m/s2 downward.

Calculating Motion Due to Gravity To analyze situation where objects are accelerating due to gravity, use the equations: In these equations the acceleration ( ) is 9.8 m/s2 downward. Example: Suppose a rock falls from the top of a cliff. What is the change in velocity of the rock after it has fallen for 1.5 s? (Assign “down” as negative (-)) Since down is negative (-), the change in the rock’s velocity is 15 m/s down.

Try the following acceleration due to gravity problems. What is the change in velocity of a brick that falls for 3.5 s? Answer: 34 m/s downward A ball is thrown straight up into the air at 14 m/s. How long does it take for the ball to slow down to an upward velocity of 6.0 m/s? Answer: 0.82 s A rock is thrown downwards with an initial velocity of 8.0 m/s. What is the velocity of the rock after 1.5 s? Answer: 23 m/s downward Take the Section 9.2 Quiz