Nurse Managers Development Program HASNAH E. BANJAR PhD, MSN, BSN Nursing Department College of Applied Medical Sciences King AbdulAziz University H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The status of nursing in the Gulf region A study in (1993-1994) by the GCC nursing technical committee, to establish a database of the nursing profession in the Gulf region (GCC, 1996) Executive Office of the Ministries of Health of Gulf Countries Council GCC, H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Key issues (GCC report,1996) Shortage of national nurses Lack of information system Absence of standards, rules and regulations for nursing practice Absence of standards for staff and manpower assessment H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Key issues (GCC report,1996) Multiple and varying levels of nursing personnel (national and international) Diverse differences in the nurses educational and training backgrounds Discrepancies in salary from one health institution to another. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Key issues (GCC report,1996) lack of effective leadership in nursing departments lack of participation of nursing leadership in decision-making and health policies The effect of nursing leadership on the quality of nursing services. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Current Status of Nursing in GCC Increased collaboration among gulf countries Ongoing programs to encourage national nurses Standardized nursing educational Programs (BSN) Regulation of nursing practice Increased national nurse leaders H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Nursing in Saudi Arabia H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Nursing Education Programs in Saudi Arabia MOED MOH Doctoral Degree Master degree in Nursing (Baccalaureate degree) 4 years + 1 year internship Associate Diploma in Nursing In Intermediate Health Colleges (3 years + 6months internship)) Graduation from General High school (12 grade) Diploma in Nursing (3 years) Graduation after 9 grade H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Regulation of Nursing Profession in Saudi Arabia (October, 2002) the Scientific Nursing Board in the Saudi Council for Health Specialties – to develop policies and regulations of nursing profession on a national level. The 5th GCC nursing conference, Riyadh (2002) “Revising Nursing Education & Practice through Professional Regulation” H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Regulation of Nursing Profession in Saudi Arabia Standards of practice Nursing code of ethics Review of job descriptions Registration Licensure H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Regulation of Nursing Profession in Saudi Arabia (2003) Regional Nursing Departments in each Health Directorate at MOH Three major departments: Nursing Services & Quality management Continuous education & training Planning, policies and research in nursing H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The need for developing Saudi Nurse Managers Studies and reports Saudiization Early ‘premature’ promotion to management position (MOH) Lack of criteria for promotion H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Nursing Management in Saudi Arabia A Kingdom-wide management training programs for nursing directors were recommended, due to weak management of nursing services at most MOH hospitals (Henry, 1994). H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Nursing Management in Saudi Arabia A qualitative study of Saudi nurse leaders identified early promotion as a ‘stressful’ and ‘challenging’ experience, which they were not prepared for, but coped with (Lovering, 1996) H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

A Model of a Nurse Manager’s Job Stress JOB STRESSORS Workload Patient care Staff management Role conflict Organization Perceived Stress level JOB SATISFACTION General Health Coping Demographic characteristics H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005 Study methodology Setting MOH and other governmental hospitals in Jeddah (N=11) Sample 117 FLNMs working in inpatient care units Data collection method Self-administered questionnaire H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Distribution of Respondents by Education Level Total n = 115 H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Distribution of Respondents by Nationality Total n = 117 H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Self- reported general health The younger , less experienced FLNMs, who perceived their job as mainly patient care oriented; reported more symptoms and experienced less emotional well-being than other FLNMs. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005 Job Stressors The Saudi FLNMs perceived workload and staff management stressors as more stressful The Saudi FLNMs experienced stress symptoms more frequently and thus appeared to be more emotionally distressed. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005 Coping methods Non-Saudi FLNMs, who were older and more experienced tended to use more direct coping when faced with stressful situations. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Implications To Nursing Administration And Nursing Education Reviewing the policies of FLNMs’ selection, placement and promotion Supporting the transition of FLNMs to management positions especially of Saudi nurses, Orientation, management training and development programs. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Implications To Nursing Education Nursing curriculum Early and gradual exposure to ward management Integration of theoretical and clinical aspects Content (e.g. team building, budgeting, stress management and coping) Mentoring H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

ICN position statement 2000 (International Council of Nursing ICN ) “ICN expects nurses to contribute to health policy locally, nationally and internationally through management and leadership roles and through professional nursing associations.” “Educational preparation for management will vary according to the roles and career paths of nurse managers. “ H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Preparation of Nurse Managers The preparation of nurses for management and policy should enable them to assume roles as either managers of nursing services or education, or as managers of health care services, or in health policy. (ICN, 2000) H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Preparation of Nurse Managers It is recognized that leadership development is a critical component of management development, as well as being a major priority for nursing generally. (ICN, 2000) H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Nurse Managers Education, Development and Training Pre- Qualification Post- Qualification Master N Programs Baccalaureate N Program Advanced Diploma Associate Diploma in Nursing On- Job training Role Transition H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Pre-qualifications (The Baccalaureate Nursing program) A management course (4 credit hours of theory and clinical) Basic concepts in management and leadership in nursing. The clinical experience The health care system, nursing management levels, management styles, management functions and ward management (FLNMs, team leaders and charge nurses). H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005 Post- Qualification The transition period An advanced diploma program. A Master program H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Transition to management position H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Transition to management position Staff nurses with potential leadership abilities, followed up and directed to management development program. Role socialization by practicing as charge nurse or team leader (at least 2-3 years). May act up as assistant head nurse for one year or more. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Nurse manager orientation program A structured program (15- 18 month ) for newly appointed nurse managers It involves several approaches such as: clarifying job expectations, mentoring, action learning, frequent feedback and peer support in addition to lectures and workshops. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Nurse manager orientation program 1. Immediate (1- 2 weeks ) upon entering the system. 2. Short- term ( 3- 12 weeks ) 3. Long-term (3 month – 1 year) H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

Advanced Diploma In Nursing Management By the Saudi Council for Health Specialties. It is recommended for nurses – who are unable to pursue graduate studies Training ( not less than one year). It consists of three semesters, each will last 20 study weeks. The clinical by working three 12 hours shifts for three days per week H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The Master Nursing Program Ideally, the formal program in nursing administration is offered at the graduate level. The curriculum can be divided into the following components: -The core courses -Courses in nursing administration -Administrative practicum. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

In-service & continuing education activities A survey of need assessment A series of lectures, workshops, study days, or specifically-designed management development programs Within a comprehensive program of all management levels Topics e.g. decision making & problem solving, delegation and time management. H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005

The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005 Thank you H.Banjar The fourth Arabian Gulf Medical Association Conference, March 2005