Housing Styles Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 1

AB 2

 Many current home designs are modifications of Early American styles.  As the country has grown, styles have spread across the continent.  Styles have been modified to fit weather conditions, terrain, local available materials and the economy.  Today, technology has made it possible to adapt many housing styles. Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 3

 All houses of a certain style do not look identical  Architects and builders often add their personal stamps  Look for an overall “feeling” of a style and design details Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 4

 Architectural history divided into periods  Each Period Historical events Characteristic styles  One period may flow into another and may overlap  Historical homes that remain were built of durable materials Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 5

  American architecture dates back to the colonial times.  English settlements looked very much like the homes left behind in England (Half Timbered homes).  North eastern colonies consisted of many Cape Cod Style homes. Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 6

 Rectangular Design  Central chimney  Pitched roof  Interior divided into one large room (great room) and one or two small rooms  If 2 stories, limited space on 2 nd floor  Prompted the invention of the gambrel roof Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 7

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 Began as a two-story pitched roof house  Additional set of rooms was built along the back side of the house  Roof line brought down to cover the added rooms  The roof slope resembled the cover of the wooden salt boxes of that time Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 9

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 The second story projects out over the first story  Taken from Elizabethan houses in the late 1500s  The overhang was used for protection back then to prevent intruders from scaling the wall Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 11

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 House built of adobe, brick or stucco  Stucco – plaster material made with cement, sand and lime  Rounded archways and windows  Tiled roofs; often mission tile  Inner courtyards  Balconies and porches that went around the outside of the house  Similar to the Mission Style Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 13

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 High, steep roofs  Wood or stone  Porch covered by a broad roof  Many doors and windows to allow for the flow of air  Galleries or roofed balconies added  Posts supporting balconies were made of wood or ornamental iron  French Quarter, New Orleans Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 15

Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. Photo taken in the French Quarter, LA. 16

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 Much Variation Frontier-Rough shelters East coast- Elegant homes and furniture Immigrant Style-  English/timber, sawed into boards,  Dutch/stone & brick,  German/wood & quarry stone,  Swedes/squared logs,  Spanish/cut stone and adobe brick Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 18

 Georgian Period Link to England Prosperity Formal Style popular in England  Federal Period Attitude toward England changed Won American Revolution Styles that expressed America’s Independence Adam Style and Early Classical Revival Style Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 19

 Style that was popular in England named after King George I, II and III  Constructed of brick and stone  Contrasting materials (red brick and white wood)  Central chimney or chimney at each end of the house  Formal balanced design Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 20

 2-3 stories high  Pitched roof with gable or hip roof  Symmetrically placed large windows (with many small panes)  Front door focal point of house (with pilasters and a pediment)  Door with decorative panels  Distinctive cornice Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 21

 Square or rectangular  Central section with at wing on each side (kitchen/offices and guest wing)  Central hall with wide staircase Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 22

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 Built by factory owners for renting to their employees  Continuous line of two- or three-story homes that share a common wall  Also called Brownstone or town homes Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 24

 Made up of two periods:  Romantic Revival Period More frequent travel prompted styles from other areas Greek Revival Style – Southern Plantation style; used in many public buildings Gothic Revival Style - Pointed arches and circular windows with ornamental carved stone Italianate Style – Square two-stories with wide overhanging hip roofs; long narrow windows Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 25

 Victorian Period 1860-end of century Very elaborate homes Detail taken from medieval and European styles Mansard and Queen Anne - popular styles in this period Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 26

 s  A popular Victorian style  Irregular steep roof  Ornamental gables  Decorative wood shingles for siding  Wraparound porches with railings and columns  Circular tower that extends the entire height of the building  Gingerbread detailing (lacy-look cutout wood trim) Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 27

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 Period Revival Styles Brought back Georgian, Saltbox, and Cape Cod  Modern Styles Architects wanted to create something different Prairie, Craftsman and International  Postwar Modern Styles New innovative styles Contemporary, Split-Level and Shed Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 29

  Features a half timbered look  Steeply pitched gables at the front and sides  Tall, narrow windows placed in groups with many small panes  Massive chimneys  Stucco, brick and stone exteriors Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 30

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 Distinctive door and window features  Prominent door with pediment and pilasters (entry porch)  Symmetrical windows in pairs Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 32

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 20 th century design  Originated with Frank Lloyd Wright  Horizontal lines  Low pitched roofs with overhanging eaves  Wide porches  Row of leaded glass windows  Rooms flow into each other (open spacious feel) Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 34

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 Early 1950s-1960s  Low long, one-story house  Low pitched gable or hip roof  Decorative shutters  Decorative wooden or iron porch roof supports  Picture windows  Outdoor living areas in the rear Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 36

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 Popular in the 1950s  Modification o f the Ranch-Style homes  Horizontal lines, low pitched roof  Three levels of living space connected with short flights of stairs  May have a basement  Takes advantage of a sloping lot  May be built on a level lot Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 38

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 Environment  History  Political Conditions  Economic conditions  Social Conditions  Past used as inspiration  Elements of styles combined to create new styles  New forms and shapes Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. 40

Copyright (c) Texas Education Agency, All rights reserved. AB 41