Obchodní akademie, Ostrava-Poruba, příspěvková organizace Vzdělávací materiál/DUM VY_32-INOVACE_05C/2 Great Britain / History 2 Autor Mgr. Jana Kondeková Období vytvoření Srpen 2013 Ročník/věková kategorie 4. ročník / let Vyučovací předmět/klíčová slova Great Britain / History 2 Anotace Práce slouží k procvičení reálií s tématikou Great Britain jako příprava k maturitní zkoušce či ke zkouškám na vysokou školu.

Great Britain Part Two History of Great Britain 2

From the Glorious Revolution to the Industrial Revolution (1688 – 1760) The Industrial Revolution (1760s-1850s) Important Inventions The Victorian Era (the second half of the 19th century) 20th century - World War 1 - World War 2

The Industrial Revolution (1760s- 1850s) - In this period Britain became the first industrial power in the world. - It was called the workshop of the world. - Reasons for industrialization in Britain: - early decline of feudalism - colonial expansion - important inventions which made possible technical progress in industry - technical improvements in agriculture - great resources of coal and iron ore as a necessary raw material base

Important Inventions The first factories in the world were the cotton mills in Lancashire. The machines there were driven by water power. In 1764 James Watt invented the steam engine. Technical progress was made in iron-smelting, with coal used instead of charcoal. The first steam locomotive was constructed by George Stephenson in The technical improvements in agriculture (the iron plough, deep ploughing, a scientific rotation etc.) could be applied by big landlords.

James Watt – Steam Engine Biography of James Watt Inventor of The Steam Engine. Watt-Invented-The-Steam-Engine-Scottish-Inventors.htm (accessed Aug 02, 2013). Watt-Invented-The-Steam-Engine-Scottish-Inventors.htm

George Stephenson – Steam Locomotive Stephenson's Rocket. (accessed Aug 02, 2013).

The Victorian Era (the second half of the 19th century) The Victorian age, called after Queen Victoria ( ) was a period in which Britain became the strongest world power: besides being the greatest industrial power, it was also the greatest financial and commercial power, the greatest sea power and the greatest colonial power. It was the age of the greatest colonial expansions, especially in Africa. It was a period of changes: reforms were carried out in education, hospital services, many important things originated in Victorian England: the use of postage stamps, the underground railway, the modern form of popular sports such as football and tennis.

The Victorian Age - Clothes Victorian Dress and Victorian Style Clothing. style-clothing/ (accessed Aug 02, 2013). style-clothing/

The Victorian Age – Queen Victoria The Victorian Period. victorian.html (accessed Aug 02, 2013). victorian.html

20th century The 20th century can be characterized as a period of the decline of Britain as a world power, a period of crises, of two world wars, from which Britain emerged as a victor, but greatly weakened. This century saw the growth of the Labour Party, which became one of the two main political parties. Britain lost her industrial monopoly but still remained the lead in world trade, shipping, international finance, overseas investments and as a colonial power.

The period before World War 1 Britain lost her industrial monopoly but still remained the lead in world trade, shipping, international finance, overseas investments and as a colonial power. The City of London was the financial centre of the world. Britain was a creditor country, it was the banker of the world. In 1906 there was for the first time a group of Labour M.P.s in Parliament.

World War 1 (1914 – 1918) This war called the the Great war was a war between the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria) and the Allies (Britain, France, Russia, later Japan, Italy, the USA). It was caused by imperialist ambitions of the great powers, especially by Germany. Britain fought with France on the western front. 9 million of dead people, almost 1 million of them were British. One of the results of the war was the establishment of the League of Nations in 1920.

British Soldiers in World War 1 World War I: Trench Warfare Photo Gallery and related media. warfare/photo9 (accessed Aug 02, 2013). warfare/photo9

World War 2 (1939 – 1945) - In May 1940 Chamberlain was replaced by Winston Churchill who led Britain through the difficult years of war until final victory in When Churchill became Prime Minister, he offered the British people nothing, but blood, tears and sweat. - Britain was fighting for survival. - In Battle of Britain - the air battle ( 1940) the Royal Air Force beat off the attacks of the Nazi Luftwaffe.In 1945 Germany lost.

British Soldiers in World War 2 British-soldiers-fighting-in-trenches.jpg. fighting-in-trenches.jpg (accessed Aug 02, 2013). fighting-in-trenches.jpg

The Post-World-War 2 Period Having lost her colonial empire, Britain decided to join the European Economic Community. Britain has been a member of NATO since The first post-war general election in 1945 resulted in a great Labour victory. In 1979 the Conservatives were returned to power and Mrs. Margaret Thatcher became Britain´s first woman Prime Minister, known as the iron lady.

Margaret Thatcher Margaret Thatcher. (accessed Aug 02, 2013).

The End of Part Two Thank You for Your Attention. Mgr. Jana Kondeková