HIV & AIDS Update: Your Sexual Health Disease Transmission Prevention Testing Presenter: Judy Thorne, MPA HIV Education Coordinator Master of Public Health Program Idaho State University/Meridian

Information is vital As teenagers, you will be facing many new decisions in your life As teenagers, you will be facing many new decisions in your life Understanding what can put you at risk for disease is very important Understanding what can put you at risk for disease is very important None of this is meant to scare you – remember, knowledge is very empowering None of this is meant to scare you – remember, knowledge is very empowering You can also be an informed educator to others You can also be an informed educator to others

Who can tell me what the Who can tell me what the letters HIV and AIDS each letters HIV and AIDS each stand for? stand for?

HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome OK, now what does each of these mean? OK, now what does each of these mean?

HIV can harm HIV can harm you because it you because it attacks your attacks your body’s immune body’s immune system system

True or False A low immune system can allow opportunistic infections to invade your body A low immune system can allow opportunistic infections to invade your body This is called AIDS

True AIDS is a stage of disease where your immune (T, CD4, helper) cells drop below the level of 200 cells per mm blood (a healthy person has about 800) and your body cannot fight off simple infections and your body cannot fight off simple infections Medications today can help people with both HIV and AIDS live much longer than they used to

Origins of HIV Likely resulted from hybridization Likely resulted from hybridization (merging) of two simian (monkey) viruses (merging) of two simian (monkey) viruses HIV moved to humans in Africa around 1930 or earlier HIV moved to humans in Africa around 1930 or earlier

HIV and SIV HIV-1 SIV-1 SIV-2 HIV-2 Sooty Mangabeys Chimpanzees

Adults and Children Living with HIV/AIDS Total: 40+ million Data from UNAIDS N. America 1.2 million Caribbean 420,000 Latin America 1.5 million Western Europe 550,000 Sub-Saharan Africa 28.5 million Asia & Pacific 6.6 million Australia & New Zealand 15,000 North Africa 500,000 Eastern Europe 1 million

U.S. cases OVER 56,000 new infections every year in the U.S. OVER 56,000 new infections every year in the U.S. Most infections are found in people ages years Most infections are found in people ages years

HIV in Idaho – Prevalence (*estimate additional 20-25% undiagnosed) HIV AIDS  District  District  District  District  District  District  District *Total (As of June 30, 2009)

True or False Most cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in older people ages years

FALSE 41% of the cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in ages years and 41% of the cases of HIV infection in Idaho occur in ages years and 15% of AIDS cases are in this age group 15% of AIDS cases are in this age group

What is HIV

Life Cycle of HIV-1

Ways to transmit HIV Unprotected sexual activity Unprotected sexual activity Internet chat-rooms have become a place where people are meeting and this is leading to HIV transmissions Needle sharing and other “works” Needle sharing and other “works” Needle sticks or exposure to blood Needle sticks or exposure to blood Mother-child Mother-child Blood transfusions Blood transfusions

OK, Now that you know how you can get HIV, how do you think you could prevent it?

Abstinence (not engaging in sex) Abstinence (not engaging in sex) Don’t assume everyone has the same definition of abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could putDon’t assume everyone has the same definition of abstinence – your partner’s past behaviors could put you at risk. Some couples get tested together. you at risk. Some couples get tested together. Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good judgment and don’t put yourself at risk!Surf the internet only with your parent’s OK - use good judgment and don’t put yourself at risk! Someday, if/when you choose to engage in sex, use protection Someday, if/when you choose to engage in sex, use protection (condoms: both male and female) (condoms: both male and female) Avoid drugs and alcohol Avoid drugs and alcohol When the time comes in your life, get tested before you have a baby When the time comes in your life, get tested before you have a baby

True or False If you knew someone who was HIV+, you could get HIV from coming into you could get HIV from coming into contact with their contact with their sweat, urine or tears sweat, urine or tears

False False The only bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are: Blood Blood Semen Semen Vaginal fluid Vaginal fluid Breast milk Breast milk Other bodily fluids only if there was blood present/visible Don’t be afraid to kiss, hug, or share food with someone who has HIV

HIV and AIDS Lesson 2 Disease symptoms Disease symptoms Window period of the virus Window period of the virus Rapid testing Rapid testing

Question for candy… Who can be affected by HIV? Who can be affected by HIV?

Answer… Anyone! Anyone! If they engage in unprotected sex or share drug use equipment Any age, any gender, anyone Any age, any gender, anyone People close to them are also affected by this disease People close to them are also affected by this disease

Early HIV Infection Symptoms present days to weeks after initial exposure Symptoms present days to weeks after initial exposure Most common presentation is Most common presentation is Fever, fatigue, headache, and rashFever, fatigue, headache, and rash

HIV Window Period What is it? What is it? This is the time it takes for the virus to actually show up in your body after exposure This is the time it takes for the virus to actually show up in your body after exposure This can take up to 3 months This can take up to 3 months

Who can tell me why this would even Who can tell me why this would even be important to know? be important to know?

It’s important because: The sooner someone knows that they have HIV, the sooner they can receive proper medical care The sooner someone knows that they have HIV, the sooner they can receive proper medical care It is less likely that the virus will be transmitted to others if it is known It is less likely that the virus will be transmitted to others if it is known

How can someone get tested for HIV? Idaho law allows 14 years and older to obtain STD tests without parental permission ( not saying you should do this, just providing you with information – very important to have a support system) Idaho law allows 14 years and older to obtain STD tests without parental permission ( not saying you should do this, just providing you with information – very important to have a support system) Conventional blood tests Conventional blood tests (results in 10 days – 2 weeks) (results in 10 days – 2 weeks) HIV antibody rapid tests HIV antibody rapid tests (results in minutes) (results in minutes) let’s check out how this works… let’s check out how this works…

Importance of HIV Diagnosis Early Intervention services Early Intervention services Improved quality of lifeImproved quality of life Avoid complicationsAvoid complications Healthcare maintenanceHealthcare maintenance Prevent transmission Prevent transmission Chronic infection Transmission to others

HIV Services HIV Services Clinic, Boise HIV Services Clinic, Boise Sky Blue, MD DirectorSky Blue, MD Director Established 1998Established 1998 Ryan White GranteeRyan White Grantee Counseling and confidential testingCounseling and confidential testing Comprehensive medical careComprehensive medical care Case managementCase management Adherence counselingAdherence counseling Mental healthMental health Support groupsSupport groups Clinical trialsClinical trials

Summary: How does HIV spread? Through unprotected sex and injection drug use Through unprotected sex and injection drug use Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk Bodily fluids that can transmit HIV are blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk Be informed and educate others!