Water Banks in the United States Draft Report Prepared Jointly by: WestWater Research Washington Department of Ecology

Public Sector Participants

Private Sector Market Participants WaterBank SM Trust

Acquisition Types by Region Source: Landry 1998

Environmental Water Acquisitions Leases, Purchases and Donations Total Quantity Acquired P. Northwest 1,234,57 af California 536,323 af Southwest 306,658 af Rockies 286,482 af Source: Landry 1998

Environmental Water Acquisition Expenditures and Quantity Source: Landry 1998

Environmental Water Leasing Programs Note: Map depicts representative location of water right place of use and groundwater restricted area. Exact location and acreage may differ. This map is intended for illustrative purposes only and should not be Used for any other purpose.

Water Banks in the West State Initial Bank Activity Arizona1996 California1991 & 2001 Colorado2002 Idaho1932 & 1979 Montana- Nevada2000 & 2002 New Mexico2002 Oregon2003 Texas1993 & 2001 Utah- Washington2001 Wyoming-

Water Bank Definition Institutional mechanism that facilitates the legal transfer and market exchange of various types of surface, groundwater, and storage entitlements.

Water Bank Formats Water Banks are designed around specific sources or water entitlements Common Bank Formats –Institutional Banking –Surface Storage Banking –Ground Water Banking –Conjunctive Use Banking

Purpose of Water Banking Creating reliability in water supply during dry years Creating seasonal water reliability Ensuring water supply for farmers Promoting water conservation by encouraging right holders to conserve and deposit rights into the bank Acting as market mechanism Resolving issues of inequity between groundwater and surface-water users Ensuring compliance with intrastate agreements of instream flow

Bank Administrative Functions Registry of water rights or entitlements Price setting and regulation Policies administration and daily operations Water right verification Quantifying the bankable water Specifying who can purchase or rent from the bank Administering transfer or contract terms Provide regulatory reporting or oversite Resolving disputes

Market Structure of Water Banks Clearing House –Online Bulletin Boards –Office Posting Boards Standing or Fixed Price Option or Contingent Markets Auctions

California Drought Emergency Bank Profile Location: Statewide River Basin: Statewide, Primarily SWP and CVP service areas Established: 1991 Year Active:1991, 1992, 1994 Bank Format: One-year leasing program Market Structure:Clearinghouse Participation: Supply – Northern California users; Demand – SWP and CVP contractors south of Delta Activity:High Pricing:Administrative Price Range ($/AF/YR):$68-$175 Regulatory Oversight:Streamlined transfer process Administrator:California Department of Water Resources (DWA) Environmental Objective: Ensure minimum stream flows through the Delta

California Drought Emergency Bank Activity Supply/Use AF$/AFAF$/AFAF$/AF Water Source $125 $50 Fallowing410, Groundwater246,000152,000187,000 Stored Water164,00038,00033,000 Total820, , ,000 Delta Requirements-160, ,000 50,000 Net Available660, , ,000 Allocations $175 $72 $68 Urban Uses297,000 40,000 25,000 Agricultural Uses99,00096,000145,000 Environmental Uses024,0000 Carryover Storage264,00000 Total Allocated660, , ,000

Idaho Statewide and Rental Pools Statewide Bank Location: Statewide River Basin: Statewide Year Established: 1979 Year Active:1995 Bank Format: Institutional water bank Market Structure: Clearinghouse Participation: Supply – Open; Demand – Open Activity:Moderate Pricing:Market Based Price:$11/AF/YR Regulatory Oversight: Idaho Department of Water Resources Administrator:Idaho Department of Water Resources Environmental Objective:None Rental Pools Six Established Banks Year Active:1932 – Snake River Bank Format: Leasing stored water Market Structure: Clearinghouse Participation: Supply – Stored water; Demand – Open Activity:Low to High Pricing:Administrative Price:$3.00 for in- basin $10.50 out-of-basin Regulatory Oversight: State Administrator:Water District #1 Environmental Objective:None - Instream transactions encumbered by “last fill” policy

Water Banking Upper Snake River Rental Pool The Problem of Fixed Pricing Dry Years

Oregon Water Banking Profile Emerging Water Bank Programs –Klamath Basin Water Lease Bank –Walla Walla Water Lease Bank –Deschutes Basin Groundwater Mitigation Bank Bank Format Varies –Lease Banks are Predominate Structure –Lease Banks Operate Under Existing Regulatory Structure Market Structure:Bilateral Trades Participation:Supply – Open Demand – Bank Administrator Activity:Low to High Regulatory Oversight:State Administrator:Federal and Nonprofit Environmental:Yes

Water Banking: Six Important Considerations What is the legal authority of the bank? –Does the bank have authority to execute trades? –Is legislation required? What are the banks objectives and purpose? –Enhancing stream flow –Providing drought year water supplies Who can participate in the bank? What is the market area served by the bank? How is water priced? –Fixed Price –Market Based How will community acceptance and participation be encouraged?

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