Artistic Factions in the 1920s Lenin: conservative--traditional European culture is good and should be preserved Proletarians: ideological--Soviet art.

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Presentation transcript:

Artistic Factions in the 1920s Lenin: conservative--traditional European culture is good and should be preserved Proletarians: ideological--Soviet art should be made for, by and about the working class Avant-gardists: innovation for the new society--abstract, pure forms, constructivism, functionalism

The path to Socialist Realism : NEP, relative artistic freedom under Lunacharsky, Commissar of Education 1928: First Five-Year Plan, beginning of tighter government control 1932: All artistic organizations disbanded by government decree and Unions formed 1934: First Congress of the Union of Soviet Writers, Socialist Realism proclaimed

Socialist Realism Socialist realism, being the basic method of Soviet literature and literary criticism, requires from the artist a truthful, historically concrete representation of reality in its revolutionary development. Moreover, truth and historical completeness of artistic representation must be combined with the task of ideological transformation and education of the working man in the spirit of Socialism. Andrei Zhdanov, Speech at First Writers Union Congress, 1934

Socialist Realism in practice Artists are “Engineers of human souls” Positive hero Optimistic Three principles: –ideological (ideinost’) –party-line (partiinost’) –people-oriented (narodnost’)

Models of the Soc. Realist novel Gorky: Mother (1907) Furmanov: Chapaev (1923) Gladkov: Cement (1925) Kataev: Time Forward (1932) N. Ostrovsky: How Steel Was Tempered (1934) Fadeev: The Young Guard (1946)