WWI: The US at Home Basic Version CREATED BY KASHA MASTRODOMENICO

Vocabulary Liberty Gardens: family gardens that helped reserve food farmers grew for soldiers Liberty Bonds: citizens lent government money to pay for the War by buying them Migration: the movement of people from one area to another Race Riot: riot among different races or ethnicities in the same community Immigrate: coming into a country to live for a long period of time Pacifists: people who refuse to fight in any war Socialists: believes that the people, as a whole rather than private individual, should own all property and share the profits from all businesses. Espionage and Sedition Acts: laws that made it a crime to criticize the government or to interfere with the war verbally or in print Communist: a theory of social organization based on the belief that all land should be state or community owned Anarchist: a person who doesn’t want order and starts revolts against known rules, laws or customs Red Scare: a period of general fear of communists, anarchists and socialists which led to mass deportation and prison

Essential Questions What actions at home helped the war effort? What actions at home hurt the war effort? How did fear of differences impact the United States during and after WWI?

Women radio operators, clerks, stenographers took over men’s jobs as they left for war better pay but still not equal to men factory work, assembled weapons & airplane parts, trolley drivers, mailmen, police officers helped change view that women were only fit for “women’s work” video WWI

Help from Home Family liberty gardens Farmers grew more crops to keep up with demand “Wheatless Mondays” “Meatless Tuesdays” the food saved by this helped the men in the trenches Organizing the War Effort

Liberty Bonds citizens lending government money to pay for the War video Organizing the War Effort

German-Americans experienced intolerance, suspicion, newspapers questioned loyalty, mob attacks on the street Ethnic Tension Anti-German Feelings

Problems at Home From Harper’s Weekly 1/2 million African Americans & thousands of Mexicans migrated from the south to the northern cities to escape racism and poverty found better paying jobs, prejudice & violence competition for housing & jobs led to race riots Ethnic Tensions

Mexicans Needed Southwest ranchers needed workers 100,000 Mexicans immigrated worked in cotton & beet fields, copper mines & steel mills Ethnic Tension

Eugene Debs Union and Socialist Leader Pacifists: people who refuse to fight in any war Socialist: believe that the people as a whole, rather than private individuals should own all property and share the profits from all businesses. Socialists argued that the war benefited factory owners and not the workers Espionage and Sedition Acts: laws that make it a crime to criticize the government or to interfere with the war verbally or in print. Opposition to the War

1918 (WWI)-1920 (post WWI) US felt betrayed by Russia when they left the war US was scared about Russia’s call for workers everywhere to revolt US didn’t recognize the Communist Russian government & blocked Russian participation in the Paris Peace Conference Fear in the US led to the anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti’s trial and execution for murder Red Scare

Essential Questions What actions at home helped the war effort? What actions at home hurt the war effort? How did fear of differences impact the United States during and after WWI?

WWI: The US at Home Enriched Version CREATED BY HOLLERFORMASTRO LLC

Vocabulary Liberty Gardens: family gardens that helped reserve food farmers grew for soldiers Liberty Bonds: citizens lent government money to pay for the War by buying them Migration: the movement of people from one area to another Race Riot: riot among different races or ethnicities in the same community Immigrate: coming into a country to live for a long period of time Pacifists: people who refuse to fight in any war Socialists: believes that the people, as a whole rather than private individual, should own all property and share the profits from all businesses. Espionage and Sedition Acts: laws that made it a crime to criticize the government or to interfere with the war verbally or in print Communist: a theory of social organization based on the belief that all land should be state or community owned Anarchist: a person who doesn’t want order and starts revolts against known rules, laws or customs Red Scare: a period of general fear of communists, anarchists and socialists which led to mass deportation and prison

Essential Questions What actions at home helped the war effort? What actions at home hurt the war effort? How did fear of differences impact the United States during and after WWI?

Women radio operators, clerks, stenographers took over men’s jobs as they left for war better pay but still not equal to men factory work: assembled weapons & airplane parts, trolley drivers, mailmen, police officers, helped change view that women were only fit for “women’s work” Video Signal corp. WWI

WWI: Organizing the War Effort A bureaucracy was set up by Wilson to reorganize the US economy to produce food, arms, and other goods needed to fight the war. Bureaucracy: a system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials

Help from Home Families grew liberty gardens because food prices were high. Farmers grew more crops to keep up with demand “Wheatless Mondays” “Meatless Tuesdays” the food saved by this helped the men in the trenches Go to the bottom of the link page Go to the bottom of the link page Middle of page Organizing the War Effort

War Industries Board: it told factories what they had to produce and divided up limited resources War Labor Board: settled disputes over working hours & wages & tried to prevent strikes less workers meant unions achieved higher pay and better working conditions

Liberty Bonds citizens lending government money to pay for the War. video Organizing the War Effort

German-Americans experienced intolerance, suspicion, newspapers questions loyalty, mob attacks on the street Propaganda helped spread this and it wasn’t only in the US Propaganda helped spread this and it wasn’t only in the US Anti-German Feelings

Problems at Home From Harper’s Weekly 1/2 million African Americans & thousands of Mexicans migrated from the south to the northern cities hoping to escape racism and poverty found better paying jobs, prejudice & violence competition for housing & jobs led to race riots (39 died in East St. Louis, Illinois) Ethnic Tensions

Mexicans Needed Southwest ranchers asked government to let more Mexicans in to work on farms in California and Texas. 100,000 Mexicans immigrated worked in cotton & beet fields, copper mines & steel mills Ethnic Tension

Eugene Debs Union and Socialist Leader Pacifists: people who refuse to fight in any war Socialist: believe that the people as a whole rather than private individuals should own all property and share the profits from all businesses. Socialists argued that the war benefited factory owners and not the workers Congress passed the Espionage and Sedition Acts. These were laws that make it a crime to criticize the government or to interfere with the war verbally or in print. 1,600 people were arrested Opposition to the War

Lenin Nov Bolsheviks took over the provisional government in Russia. Led by Lenin wanted a communist revolution communist revolution followed ideas of Karl Marx workers would unite and overthrow the ruling class. End private property and set up a classless society. Primary sources: The Withdrawal of Russia: Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Primary sources: The Withdrawal of Russia: Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Problems with Russia

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russia hated the war so they signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 1918 Russia lost land & natural resources to Germany but welcomed the peace Germany then used all efforts towards defeating France Problems with Russia

1918 (WWI)-1920 (post WWI) US felt betrayed by Russia when they left the war and created a separate peace treaty and were scared about their call for workers everywhere to revolt US refused to recognize the Russian government, sent troops into Siberia to guard Allied supplies, set up an economic blockade of Russia, sent arms to anti- Bolshevik forces, blocked Russian participation in the Paris Peace Conference Fear in the US led to the anarchists Sacco and Vanzetti’s trial and execution for murder Letter Red Scare

Essential Questions What actions at home helped the war effort? What actions at home hurt the war effort? How did fear of differences impact the United States during and after WWI?

Connect to Background Knowledge and Extra Info Women: Most women went back to work in the home after the war. Connect to background knowledge: ask the students what their mothers do if they work outside the home and if they are a girl what they want to be when they grow up. Help from home: Connect to background knowledge: ask students if they have ever grown anything like a garden. Ask them if they would if it would help feed soldiers in Afghanistan. Ask them: Why was there a world wide food shortage? Much of Europe couldn’t be cultivated. Liberty Bonds: Half of what the US spent on the War was covered by this. $21 billion. Connect to background knowledge: does anyone have a federal savings bond? Anti-German Feelings: families changed their names, schools stopped teaching the German language, concert halls banned works by German composers. Connect to Background Knowledge: Does the United States feel similar to this about another group today? Problems at Home: Connect to Background Knowledge: Why are Mexicans coming to the United States today? What are their experiences? Mexicans Needed: After the war there were problems when the men came back home and wanted to work again in the fields.