Science/Technology/Energy

OPENER  In 22 words exactly describe Labor in Britain.

James Watt  Improved Newcomen steam engine. 1760s  Watts steam engine became the mechanical workhorse of the Industrial Revolution.  Transportation and manufacturing were most improved by the steam engine.

Steam Boat  Steam power would revolutionize transportation. Robert Fulton’s steam boat the Clermont 1807 Japanese depiction of Commodore Perry’s steamboat. 1853

Eli Whitney  Invented the Cotton Gin (1793) which led to increased cotton production.  Increased profits for plantations in U.S which heavily used slave labor. Cotton=Cash Crop

Henry Bessemer  Vastly improved construction by creating a new method for making steal.  His method increased the strength by removing impurities and also lowered the cost of production.

Steel the Foundation for a Modern World

The Strength of Steel

Louis Pasteur  French Biologist  Created the germ theory of disease.  Theory proved that cleanliness helps to prevent infections.  Important in the development of modern scientific method medicine.  Invented first vaccine for rabies.  Created Pasteurization process.  His discoveries and inventions in health would lead to people living longer and healthier.  Led to population growth.

Science Changes Our World

Thomas Edison  American inventor who created the first practical light bulb, phonograph and motion picture camera.  He was the first inventor to create an industrial scale research laboratory.  Held over a 1,000 U.S patents.

A Man of Vision Battery for Electric Car 1880 First talking doll used mini phonograph Electric Voting Machin e 1868 Edison’s own genius along with his entrepreneurship led to many inventions that were commercially and industrially practical.

OPENER  What two industries were improved dramatically by Watts steam engine.  Eli Whitney’s invention, the ________ ____ Increased ________ production drastically.  Henry Bessemer’s unique process for improving Iron created ________ which was much stronger.  Louis Pasteur greatly impacted the field of ________.

Population Explosion  Europe’s population nearly doubled between due to lower death rates and increased food supply.  Cities grew because of decreasing farm land and increased population.  Factories attracted people to cities to find work.  Cities grew faster than basic infrastructure. (roads, housing, clean water, sewers)  This led to crowding, dirt, and disease.

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Social Impact  Industrialization would lead to Urbanization: the process of people moving to city environments which dramatically increased the population and size of cities.  This process occurred rapidly during 1800s due to the I.R.

Industrial Capitalism  An economic system based on manufacturing.  New social classes emerged known as the -Industrial Middle Class who built factories, bought machines and organized trade and markets. -Industrial Working Class who worked in mills and factories for hours a day six days a week with almost no breaks. Their work was dangerous and low paying. Women and children were paid far less than men.

Reaction and Socialism  The rapid growth of cities and factories led to terrible conditions in cities and for factory workers. Reform was needed.  Many reformers felt the Capitalist system was responsible for the terrible conditions.  They advocated socialism: is a system in which society (government) owns and controls important parts of the economy. This theory supports the more even distribution of wealth.

Socialism: A Hot Topic in History

Robert Owen  An early socialist who felt cooperation could replace competition (capitalism).  In Scotland he took a failing factory town and turned it into a thriving community where the factory workers shared in the success and wealth of their production.  Owen attempted the same plan in New Harmony Indiana in the 1820s but failed utterly because people were not committed to this radical theory and lifestyle.

A Utopian Socialist

Workers Unions  A less radical and more practical reaction to poor working conditions was the creation of unions.  Trade/Labor Unions: Workers organized and banded together to try and improve their working conditions and pay.  Collective bargaining for pay raises and strikes were tools they used to force employers to accept their demands.  By 1914 their were nearly 4 million workers in British unions.

In Summary  Summarize the information from the chart.  Make sure to explain the progression from factors to technology and the impact on society.