Joseph Stalin 1920’s-1940’s Nick Schillig 11 th Grade November 11 th,

“Stalinism” Strictly speaking, belongs to an interpretation of a style of government Strictly speaking, belongs to an interpretation of a style of government Stalinism in good terms Stalinism in good terms Stalinism in good terms Stalinism in good terms Stalinism in negative terms Stalinism in negative terms Stalinism in negative terms Stalinism in negative terms Joseph Stalin

First used by “Trotkskiists” who opposed this regime in the Soviet Union First used by “Trotkskiists” who opposed this regime in the Soviet Union Later used by anarchists and anti- communists Later used by anarchists and anti- communists Counter-revolutionary tactic using Marxism to obtain power Counter-revolutionary tactic using Marxism to obtain power “Stalinism in Negative Terms” Return to previous slide

“Stalinism in Good Terms” Used in Soviet Union by ones who uphold his legacy Used in Soviet Union by ones who uphold his legacy Combined ideas of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin used to fit to the changing needs of society Combined ideas of Marx, Lenin, and Stalin used to fit to the changing needs of society Stated that Stalin made few new theoretical conclusions about socialism Stated that Stalin made few new theoretical conclusions about socialism Coined “Socialism at a snail’s pace” Coined “Socialism at a snail’s pace” Return to previous slide

Stalin’s Rise to Power November 1917: Commissioner of Nationalities (1/2 of country’s population) November 1917: Commissioner of Nationalities (1/2 of country’s population) April 1922: Nominated by Vladimir Lenin to become his General Secretary of Communist Party April 1922: Nominated by Vladimir Lenin to become his General Secretary of Communist Party January 1924: Became leader of Communist Party after death of Lenin January 1924: Became leader of Communist Party after death of Lenin Vladimir Lenin cla.calpoly.edu

Separating Himself as Leader In 1925, Stalin had Trotskii removed from government In 1925, Stalin had Trotskii removed from governmentStalin had Trotskii removed from governmentStalin had Trotskii removed from government Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev pressured from Central Committee to eliminate opposition in Communist Party Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev pressured from Central Committee to eliminate opposition in Communist Party Other potential leaders were exiled, imprisoned, murdered, or removed from power over time Other potential leaders were exiled, imprisoned, murdered, or removed from power over time

Stalin’s Economic Policy Known as “Great Turn” as Russia turned away from near-capitalist New Economic Policy Known as “Great Turn” as Russia turned away from near-capitalist New Economic PolicyNew Economic PolicyNew Economic Policy A series of three 5-year plans A series of three 5-year plans5-year plans5-year plans Made amazing strides in catching up after decades of stagnate growth Made amazing strides in catching up after decades of stagnate growth Not until 1927 that the country reached economic levels equivalent to before WWI Not until 1927 that the country reached economic levels equivalent to before WWI

New Economic Policy Similar to capitalism Similar to capitalism Allowed some freedom of internal trade, permitted some private commerce, and established state banks. Allowed some freedom of internal trade, permitted some private commerce, and established state banks. Farmers were allowed to sell food on the open market and could now employ people to work for them. Farmers were allowed to sell food on the open market and could now employ people to work for them. Return to previous slide

Five-Year Plans For example, this first 5-year plan concentrated on the development of iron and steel, machine-tools, electric power, and transport. For example, this first 5-year plan concentrated on the development of iron and steel, machine-tools, electric power, and transport. Some economic historians argue that it was the greatest economic rate ever achieved. Some economic historians argue that it was the greatest economic rate ever achieved. Return to previous slide

Reasons for Industrialization Increase military strength Increase military strength Achieve self- sufficiency Achieve self- sufficiency Move towards a Socialist society Move towards a Socialist society Personal Motivation Personal Motivation

Moving into Second World War Stalin supported the Popular Front in the Spanish Civil War Stalin supported the Popular Front in the Spanish Civil War Also at this time, Stalin nervous about attack from Germany Also at this time, Stalin nervous about attack from Germany On August 23 rd, 1939, the Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed in Moscow On August 23 rd, 1939, the Nazi-Soviet Pact was signed in MoscowNazi-Soviet PactNazi-Soviet Pact Nazi-Soviet Pact

How was Trotskii eliminated? Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev united behind Stalin and accused Trotskii of creating divisions in the party. Gregory Zinoviev and Lev Kamenev united behind Stalin and accused Trotskii of creating divisions in the party. The belief that the party would split into two opposing factions was a strong fear among communists and would leave Soviet Union open for an outside invasion. The belief that the party would split into two opposing factions was a strong fear among communists and would leave Soviet Union open for an outside invasion. Return to previous slide

Nazi-Soviet Pact A non-aggression treaty between the German Third Reich and the Soviet Union. A non-aggression treaty between the German Third Reich and the Soviet Union. Included a secret protocol, in which the independent countries of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania were divided into spheres of interest of the parties. Included a secret protocol, in which the independent countries of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania were divided into spheres of interest of the parties. Return to previous slide