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2 Republic of India 8/15/1947- Day of Independence 1/26/1950- Republic Day Preamble to the Constitution WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a _1[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure to all its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political;_1 LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the _2[unity and integrity of the Nation];_2 IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

3 India the continent 18 official languages Area 3.28 million sq km, 1.04 billion population 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian 3% other 80% Hindu, 14% Muslim, 2.4% Christian, 2% Sikh, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.5 % Jains, 0.4% other.

4 India - Political

5 National Flag Saffron, White and Green Ashoka Wheel, blue color

6 National Emblem Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka Four Lions, Wheel Truth alone triumphs

7 Other National Anthem – Jana gana mana National Animal- Tiger National Bird- Peacock National Flower- Lotus National Languages Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu

8 Prehistory Indian history is as old as the history of mankind. Artifacts dating back to as much as 500,000 years have been found Rock Painting, Madhya Pradesh

9 History, B. C. Indus Valley Civilization B.C. Mohenjodaro Harappa Planned city with sewage facilities

10 History, B. C., cont. Aryan Immigration from Central Europe (Vedas are composed, caste system established) B. C., Gautama Buddha 326 B. C., Alexander the Great, invades India. 300 B. C. Chandragupta Maurya 272 B. C. Emperor Ashoka, spread of Buddhism.

11 The Indian Empire - Ashoka

12 India, Ano Domini 52 A. D., St. Thomas comes to India 325 A.D., Thomas of Canaan 4 th and 5 th Century A.D. Gupta Dynasty, India’s golden age. 10 th and 11 th Centuries, Turks & Afghan invasion Marco Polo (1288) Sikhism (15 th century) Vasco-da-gama 1498

13 Muslim Influence Mughals (decendants of Ghengis Khan) Babur Humayun Akbar Jehangir Shah Jehan (Taj Mahal) Shivaji (founder of Maratha kingdom) Construction on Taj Mahal Aurangazeb Bahdur Shah, last Mughal emperor

14 Taj Mahal

15 British India By late 17 th Century the British has outpost in Bombay, Madras and Calcutta By 1850 the British had total control of present day India, Pakistan and Bangladesh 1857 Sepoy Mutiny (First war of Independence) 1885, Indian National Congress formed 1920 Mohandas K. Gandhi transformed the Indian National Congress to a mass movement against British rule.

16 Fight for Independence 1919, Massacre at Jallianwala bagh. 1930, Dandi or Salt March, India’s Boston Tea Party 1931, Martyrdom of Bhagat Singh. 1942, Quit India movement

17 Independent India On August 15, 1947, India becomes independent with Jawaharlal Nehru as the PM. Hindu-Muslim rivalry leads to creation of Pakistan On January 26, 1950 Indian becomes a republic after the adoption of the constitution.

18 Nehru Speech at Independence. Long years ago we made a tryst with destiny, and now the time comes when we shall redeem our pledge, not wholly or in full measure, but very substantially. At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long supressed, finds utterance. It is fitting that at this solemn moment we take the pledge of dedication to the service of India and her people and to the still larger cause of humanity.

19 India, a vibrant democracy Except for 2 years of its history, regular elections have been held Member of select club of countries with nuclear capability and a space program Of late, a world leader in IT. Net importer of food to net exporter

20 Problems facing India Population: 1 billion and counting Literacy, less than 1 in 2 people can read. Others: Corruption, Work Culture,

21 Resources & Credits